C3 Flashcards
___ is relatively enduring change in potential behavior that results from experience
Learning
_____ is learning by making an association between two stimulus events or by learning an association between a response and it’s consequences
Associative Learning
_____ is learning that takes place when a neutral stimulus (CS) is parked with a stimulus (UCS) that already produces a response (UCR)
Pavlovian Conditioning
____ is learning an association between one’s behavior and it’s consequences (reinforcers or punishment)
Operant conditioning
What are the 3 types of learning?
Pavlovian Conditioning
Operant conditioning
Associative Learning
_____ is learning that depends on a particular type of perceptual experience during a critical time in development (language learning)
Template Learning
____ is a physiologist interested in digestion. (Created an experiment investigating the salivation of dogs.)
Ivan Pavlov
_____ is credited with the first systematic study of learning
Ivan Pavlov
What makes conditioning an ease?
Distinctive CS
Intensity of UCS
Frequent pairing Cs-ucs
_____ experimented on rats performing two conditioning procedures (Stimulus Contingent & Non-stimulus Contingent)
Robert Rescorla
Simultaneous conditioning takes places when _____
Conditioned stimulus is presented at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus
___ is the extinction-process (a conditioned response is elimanated through repeated presentation of conditioned stimulus without unconditioned stimulus)
Classical Conditioning
____ believed that animals learn to make voluntary responses that help them adapt to their environments.
Edward Thorndike
____ believed that behavior will be strengthened if it is followed by a satisfying consequence
Thorndike
The law of effect is ____
Behavior followed by reinforcement will be strengthened while behavior followed by punishment will be weakened
___ is a device designed by skinner that measured operant behavior
Cumulative recorder
_____ is a cue that controls a response by signaling the availability of reinforcement
Discriminative Stimulus
_____ In operant conditioning is when any procedure where an event following a specific response increases the probability that the response will occur
Reinforcement
____ is any stimulus presented after a response that increases the probability of that response
Positive Reinforcement
____ is any stimulus that increases the probability of a response through its removal
Negative reinforcement
_____ (in operant conditioning) is learning that takes place when an organism performs a response that will terminate an adverse stimulus
Escape Conditioning
____ (in operant conditioning) is learning of a response to a discriminative stimulus that allows an organism to avoid exposure to an aversive stimulus
Avoidance Conditioning
What is generalization?
a process by which an organism responds to stimuli that are like that conditioned stimulus without undergoing conditioning for each similar stimulus.
(Pavlov’s dog salivating at the sound of different bells)
Primary Reinforcer:
A stimulus that satisfies a biologically based drive
Hunger
Thrust
Sleep
Sex
Conditioned reinforcer:
A stimulus that takes on reinforcing properties after being associated with a primary reinforcer
Words of praise
Grades
Money
____ is presentation of reinforcer for each occurrence of a specific behavior
Conditioned reinforcement schedule
___ reinforces behavior only part of the time
Partial reinforcement schedule
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
Reinforcement that only occurs after a fixed number of responses
___ is when responses are restricted to specific stimuli
Discrimination
____ is (in operant conditioning) a technique in which responses that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior are reinforced, step by step, until the deserved behavior occurs
Shaping
What is modeling?
Learning process by which an individual acquires a behavior by observing someone else perform that behavior
____ is a procedure in which presentation of a stimulus following a response leads to a decrease in the strength of frequency of the response
Punishment
What makes a punishment more effective?
Immediate
Intense enough
Consistent
