C2b Flashcards
What are the 5 main raw materials, and what are their building material equivalents
Clay-brick Limestone and clay-cement Sand-glass Iron ore-iron Aluminium ore-aluminium
Which is the hardest rock, and which is the softest
Igneous rock is very hard (granite)
Metamorphic rock is in the middle (marble)
Sedimentary rock is the softest (limestone)
How is igneous rock made
Formed out of liquid rock that cools and forms interlocking crystals as it solidifies. It’s the interlocking structure that gives the rock its hardness
How is metamorphic rock made
Rock that has been changed. For example, marble is metamorphic as it is a form of limestone rock that has been subjected to heat and pressure in the earths crust, which is harder than the original limestone
How is sedimentary rock made
Made of fragments that have settled into layers; shells of dead sea creatures that have slowly stuck together
What is reinforced concrete
It has steel rods inside it and is much stronger than normal concrete. The concrete is poured around steel rods and left to set
Quarries are essential to finding materials, but what are the problems
- dust pollution
- damaged landscape
- noise from explosives and machinery
- more lorries on country lanes
- what happens after its no longer needed
When a quarry closes, how can the owners landscape the area
- cover it with soil and plant grass
- use it as a rubbish tip and then cover with soil
- leave it to fill with water and use it for fishing and sailing
Symbol and word equation for calcium carbonate thermal decomposition
CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
Calcium carbonate -> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
What is thermal decomposition
The chemical breakdown of a compound into at least 2 other compounds under the effect of heat.
Why are blocks of stone only used for special buildings, what is used as a replacement and why
- it is expensive to quarry
- limestone is the replacement
- limestone is easier to cut into blocks than marble or granite
