C2a Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What does the nucleus contain

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What overall charge does the nucleus have

Answer 2

The nucleus has an overall positive charge because protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge.

Question 3

Almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the ___________

Answer 3

Nucleus!

Question 4

The nucleus is tiny compared to the …

Answer 4

Atom as a whole

Question 5

Electrons move around the

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Electrons have a

Answer 6

Negative charge (electrons and protons have equal but opposite charges)

Question 7

Electrons are tiny compared to the …

Answer 7

Nucleus, but as they move around they cover a lot of space

Question 8

Electrons occupy

Answer 8

Shells

Question 9

The number of protons =

Answer 9

The number of electrons

Question 10

What is the relative mass and relative charge of the atomic particles

Answer 10

1) Protons have a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
2) Neutrons have a mass of 1 and a charge of 0
3) Electrons have a mass of 1/2000 and a charge of -1

Question 11

What is the Octet rule

Answer 11

The first shell can only take 2 electrons. The second shell can take a maximum of 8 electrons. The third shell can also only have a max of 8 electrons. The fourth shell can only hold 2 electrons.

Question 12

Elements consist of only one type of

Answer 12

Atom!

Question 13

Each element has a different …

Answer 13

Proton number!

Question 14

The mass number tells us…

Answer 14

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 15

The atomic number tells us…

Answer 15

The number of protons in the atom (and so the number of electrons too)

Question 16

Isotopes are…

Answer 16

Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT numbers of NEUTRONS

Question 17

How do you calculate Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 17

1) First, multiply the mass of each isotope by its relative abundance.
2) Add those together.
3) Divide by the sum of the relative abundances.

Question 18

What did Mendeleev do

Answer 18

1) He arranged the elements in groups.
2) He arranged the 50 or so known elements according to their properties and the properties of their compounds to make a Table of Elements.
3) He placed elements with similar chemical properties in the same vertical groups - but he found he had to leave gaps in his table to make this work.

Question 19

What did Mendeleev’s table do

Answer 19

The gaps in Mendeleev’s table of elements predicted the properties of undiscovered elements.

Question 20

What are periods

Answer 20

1) The rows on the periodic table.
2) The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number along each row.
3) The period number is the same as the number of electron shells e.g. The period 3 elements have 3 electron shells.
4) The properties of elements change as you go along a period.

Question 21

What are groups

Answer 21

1) The columns on the periodic table.
2) Elements in the same group have similar properties.
3) Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
4) The properties of elements often gradually change as you go down a group (as the atomic number increases).

Question 22

Where is the nucleus

Answer 22

Middle of the atom