C29- Polymerisation

Question 1

What is a polymer?

Answer 1

Polymer is a long molecular chain built from monomer units. The two main types of polymer addition and condensation

Question 2

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 2

unsaturated molecules that are added together to form polymer. Name by naming the monomer and adding poly Infront (e.g. poly(ethene))

Question 3

What is condensation polymerisation?

Answer 3

Condensation polymer when a water molecule is removed from the species of a reaction.

Question 4

How are polyamides formed?

Answer 4

These are formed in a reaction between dicarboxylic acid and a diamine. A water molecule is removed leaving amide linkage.
Forms COHN bond

Question 5

What is an example of polymaide?

Answer 5

Nylon-6,6
Hexamethylenediamine and Hexanedioic Acid

Kevlar
1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-benzenediamine

Question 6

What is a polyester?

Answer 6

These are formed in a reaction between dicarboxylic acids and a diol, producing an ester linkage.

Question 7

What is a polyester?

Answer 7

Terylene
Ethanediol and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid

Question 8

What is polypeptides?

Answer 8

These molecules are formed from multiple amino acids. A single monomer can produce a polymer due to the presence of both -NH and -OH.

Question 9

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 9

Condensation polymer can be broken down back into the constituent molecules by the addition of H2O. As the water is attracted to the polar regions of the polymer.

Question 10

What are the uses of condensation polymers?

Answer 10

Condensation polymers contain polar bonds such as those in the ester and amide link. Hydrogen bonding and dipoles can also form between separate polymer chains, holding them together in a strong bond.

Question 11

Disposal of polyalkenes

Answer 11

Are non-biodegradable due to their inert, non-polar bond. They must be disposed of through burning, which produces CO2 and SO2 that cause acid rain.

Question 12

How are polyester and polyamides disposed?

Answer 12

Can break through hydrolysis because of their polar molecules. These can be safely disposed at landfills.

Question 13

How can you recycle polymers?

Answer 13

Recycling is an option that conserves resources and reduces waste, through it requires extensive sorting and cleaning of plastics.

Question 14

Amino Acids Add Excess HCl

Answer 14

NH2 + H+→ NH3+ (2Cl-)

Question 15

What happens when amino acid excess NaOH?

Answer 15

COOH → COO- + H+

Question 16

What happens when amino acid methanol and H2SO4?

Answer 16

COOH + CH3OH → COOCH3 + H2O

Question 17

What happens when amino acid ethanoyl chloride?

Answer 17

Adds a COCH3 to nitrogen (lone pairs)