C2.4 The Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is oxygen?

A

21%

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2
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen?

A

78%

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3
Q

Which other gases make up the other 1% of the atmosphere?

A

Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane

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4
Q

Name the three types of rock

A

Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

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5
Q

What are the properties of sedimentary rocks?

A

They are soft and porous

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6
Q

How does freeze thaw occur?

A

Water gets into the rocks and expands breaking the rock

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7
Q

How does chemical weathering occur?

A

Acid rain reacts with the rocks

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8
Q

How does biological weathering occur?

A

Plant roots grow into the rocks breaking them

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9
Q

What is erosion?

A

Where rocks are broken down into sediment

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10
Q

What is transport?

A

Where water moves sediment to rivers and seas

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11
Q

What is deposition?

A

Where sediment falls to the bottom of sea or river beds

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12
Q

What is compaction?

A

When layers of sediment build up they press down on each other pushing out water

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13
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Rocks are eroded and the sediment is transported to rivers and seas. The sediment is deposited and over many years it is compacted to form sedimentary rocks

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14
Q

What are the properties of igneous rocks?

A

Hard, not porous, made of crystals

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15
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

By cooling lava or magma

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16
Q

What are the properties of metamorphic rocks?

A

Hard, not porous and made of crystals

17
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

By heat and pressure

18
Q

Name 4 ways carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Dissolving in oceans
  • Locked up in sedimentary rocks
  • Locked up in fossil fuels
19
Q

Name 2 ways carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere

A
  • Respiration

- Burning fossil fuels

20
Q

How is oxygen put back into the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis

21
Q

Name the three greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

22
Q

What is global warming?

A

An increase in the Earth’s average temperature

23
Q

What is climate change?

A

A long term change in weather