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GCSE Chemistry Additional > C2.4 Groups in the Periodic Table > Flashcards

C2.4 Groups in the Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How can elements and compounds be classified?

A

Ionic
Simple Molecular Covalent
Giant Molecular Covalent
Metallic

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2
Q

What is the melting and boiling point of ionic bonding?

A

High

Ionic substances are solids at room temperature

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3
Q

What is the solubility of ionic bonding?

A

Many dissolve in water

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4
Q

Does ionic bonding conduct electricity?

A

Conducts electricity when molten or in solution

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5
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of simple molecular covalent bonding?

A

Low - They are liquids and gases at room temperature

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6
Q

What is the solubility of simple molecular covalent bonding?

A

Some dissolve in water

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7
Q

Does simple molecular covalent bonding conduct electricity?

A

Doesn’t conduct electricity

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8
Q

What are the giant molecular covalent bonding melting and boiling points?

A

High - Solids at room temperature

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9
Q

What is the solubility of giant molecular substances?

A

Insoluble in water

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10
Q

Does giant molecular substances conduct electricity?

A

Doesn’t conduct electricity except from graphite

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11
Q

What are the properties of metallic substances?

A 
Good conductor of heat and electricity 
Solids at room temperature
Doesn't dissolve in water
Malleable
Held together by metallic bonds
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12
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest neutral part of element that can take part in chemical reactions

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13
Q

What are elements?

A

Substances that cannot he split up into simpler substances

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14
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together/combined

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15
Q

What are bonds?

A

Force of attractions between atoms or ions

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16
Q

What is Malleable?

A

Can be hammered into shape

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17
Q

What are metallic bonds?

A

Type of bonding in metals

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18
Q

What are transition metals?

A

Metal elements located in the central block of the periodic table

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19
Q

What are the structure of metals?

A

A regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea od delocalised electrons

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20
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Limited to malleability

Can conduct electricity

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21
Q

What are most metals?

A

Transition metals

22
Q

What are the properties of transition metals?

A

High melting point

Forms coloured compounds

23
Q

What are delocalised electrons?

A

Free electrons that can move around between ions in a metal or in layers of graphite

24
Q

What are Alkali Metals?

A

Elements found in group 1 of the periodic table

25
Q

What are the properties of alkali metals?

A

Soft

Low melting points

26
Q

What is the word equation for alkali metals?

A

Metal + water Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

27
Q

How does lithium react with water?

A

Floats on surface and fizzes but gradually disappears as reaction proceeds

28
Q

How does Sodium react with water?

A

Same as Lithium but more powerfully and has a low melting point

29
Q

How does Potassium react with water?

A

Same as Lithium and Sodium but even more powerfully and hydrogen catches fire producing a lilac flame

30
Q

What is the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

A

The reactivity of alkali metals increases as you go down the group

31
Q

What are the patterns in alkali metals?

A

Electrons increase further down the group (same with electron shells)
This means that the outer electrons are further from the nucleus
Force between positive and negative charges are greatest when charges are close together

32
Q

What is reactivity?

A

How fast an element reacts

33
Q

What are Halogens?

A

An element in Group 7 of the periodic table

34
Q

What are the properties of Fluorine?

A

Pale Yellow colour

Gas at room temperature

35
Q

What are the properties of Chlorine?

A

Yellow-Green colour

Gas at room temperature

36
Q

What are the properties of Bromine?

A

Brown colour

Liquid

37
Q

What are the properties of Iodine?

A

Grey colour

Solid

38
Q

What are the reactions of halogens with metals?

A

Similar reactions

Produce metal halides

39
Q

What is the word equation to produce halides?

A

Metal + Halogen Metal Halide

40
Q

What is a Halide?

A

A compound formed between a halogen and another element (EG - metal or hydrogen)

41
Q

What is produced when halogens react with hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen Halides which dissolve in water to form acidic solutions

42
Q

What are Displacement Reactions?

A

A reaction where a more reactive element takes place of a less reactive element

43
Q

Which Aqueous solution does Fluorine react with?

A

Metal Chloride
Metal Bromide
Metal Iodide

44
Q

Which Aqueous solution does Chlorine react with?

A

Metal Bromide

Metal Iodide

45
Q

Which Aqueous solution does Bromine react with?

A

Metal Iodide

46
Q

What is the definition of Noble Gases?

A

Elements in Group 0 of the periodic table

47
Q

What are Noble Gases compared with other elements?

A

Chemically inert

48
Q

Why is it difficult to get Noble Gases to react?

A

All elements in Group 0 have full outer electron shells

49
Q

Which chemists discovered Noble gases and what did they do?

A

Lord Rayleigh (1842 - 1919):
He measured the densities of different gases
But then he noticed that the density of pure nitrogen made in chemical reactions were less than the density of nitrogen made from air by removing gases

Sir William Ramsay (1852 - 1916)
He heard about the results and hypothesised that nitrogen made from air also contained a gas
Experiments were carried out to test hypothesis and discovered Argon (gas) and helium
He later found Neon, Krypton and Xenon

50
Q

What are the uses and properties of Noble Gases?

A

Inertness - Welding uses an inert gas to stop the hot metal reacting

Low Density- Helium has a low density and it’s used for filling balloons and airships

Non-Flammability - Argon is used in fire-extinguishing systems because it’s non-flammable

51
Q

What physical properties are used to estimate unknown values for Noble Gases?

A

Boiling Point - Increases as you go down the group

Density - Increases as you go down the group

52
Q

What does inert mean?

A

Does not react

GCSE Chemistry Additional (6 decks)

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