C2.2 Flashcards
What are positive ions known as?
Cations
Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
What are negative ions known as?
Anions
Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
What is an ionic bond?
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bonds typically form between metals and non-metals.
Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Group I and Group VII.
Group I elements tend to lose electrons, while Group VII elements gain electrons.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points and boiling points, good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten, poor when solid, generally soluble in water
These properties are due to the strong ionic bonds and the structure of ionic lattices.
Describe the giant lattice structure of ionic compounds.
A regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions
Sodium chloride is a common example of an ionic compound with this structure.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
This sharing leads to noble gas electronic configurations.
Provide examples of simple molecules that form covalent bonds.
- H₂
- Cl₂
- CH₄
- NH₃
*HCl
What are the properties of simple covalent compounds?
Low melting points and boiling points, poor electrical conductivity
These properties are due to weak intermolecular forces.
Explain the melting and boiling points of simple covalent compounds.
Low melting points and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces
What is the electrical conductivity of simple molecular compounds?
Poor electrical conductivity
The lack of free ions in simple molecular compounds contributes to their poor conductivity.
Name the ions for each group
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Halogens
Noble gases
1+
2+
1-
No ions
