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Chemistry > C2.2 > Flashcards

C2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Properties of Metals

A

Some are magnetic
Mostly solid at room temperature
Dense
Lustrous
Malleable / Ductile
Most are silver
Sonorous
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High mp / bp
Left on periodic table
Cations / lose electrons
Metal oxides are basic and solid

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2
Q

Properties of Non-Metals

A

Not Magnetic
Mixture of solid, liquid and gas
Low density
Dull
Brittle
Various colours
Not sonorous
Insulator of heat / electricity
Weak
Low mp / bp
Right on periodic table
Anions / gain electrons
Non metal oxides are acidic and gaseous

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3
Q

What is the electron configuration

A

Electronic configuration is the layout of electrons on an atom. The first 2 electrons go on the first ring. Then a new ring formed. From then on, each ring has 8 electrons until a new one is formed. Electronic configuration is written in how many electrons are in each ring.

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4
Q

An example of electron configuration

A

For example, this element has
2 electrons in Ring 1
8 electrons in Ring 2
8 electrons in Ring 3
2 electrons in Ring 4
So the electronic configuration for Calcium will be written as 2, 8, 8, 2

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5
Q

How do we use electron configuration

A

Electronic configuration is useful in determining where an element is on the periodic table.

If you want to find what column (Group) an element is on. You find the last number on the electronic configuration and that is the group. For Calcium, the last number is 2. So Calcium is on group 2

If you want to find what row (Period) an element is on. You find how many rings it has. For calcium, there are 4 numbers so 4 rings. So calcium is on period 4

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6
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

Electrons transferred from a metal to a non-metal.
Positive and negative ions formed
Strong electrostatic forces cause the bond

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7
Q

How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for Ionic bonding

A

You only need the outer ring. Using circles or crosses doesn’t matter but make sure that they are different for either one. Show whether electrons gained or lost with + or - on the top right outside of the square brackets. Put the particle symbol in the middle of the particle circle. For larger bonding put the amount of the particles as a number on the left of the brackets in big.

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8
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

Only non metal to nonmetal. Particles are shared. Use the same dot and cross method. Make sure there is ample space in the space shared. All the electrons in the shared particle can be used by both elements. All particles want 8 electrons except helium which wants 2.

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9
Q

What is an Allotrope

A

Different forms of an element in the same state but with different atomic arrangements

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10
Q

Physical properties of Diamond

A

High melting point. Very hard substance. Does not conduct electricity.

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11
Q

What is Giant Covalent bonding

A

It is when the same large number of atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds

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12
Q

Use Giant Covalent Bonding to Explain Diamonds properties

A

Strong covalent bonds, high melting and boiling point, Structure is large and repeating, very hard substance, each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons, does not conduct electricity, no free electrons

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13
Q

Physical properties of Graphite

A

High melting and boiling point. Soft substance, does conduct electricity.

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14
Q

Why does Graphite have the properties that it has

A

Strong covalent bonds in layers, high metling and boiling and melting point, delocalised electrons form a layer between sheets. Does conduct electricity, Soft subtance/brittle, each carbon bonded to 3 other carbons, weak forces between layers

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15
Q

Physical properties of graphene

A

Strong, Conduct electricity.

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16
Q

Why does graphene have the properties that it has

A

Strong covalent bonds, delocalised electrons

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17
Q

Physical properties of fullerene nanotube

A

Strong, conduct electricity.

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18
Q

What does a fullerene nanotube have its properties

A

Strong covalent bonds, delocalised electrons

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19
Q

Physical properties of buckyball

A

Slippery, low melting and boiling point

20
Q

Why does buckyball have the properties it does

A

Weak forces, Weak forces,

21
Q

What is the Nylon Rope Trick

A

You have 2 liquids, Add 1 substance. use a glass rod to add the other liquid to minimise mixing, Nylon is formed between the layers,Idea of picking up nylon at interface, idea of lifting and drawing out thread of nylon slowly from beaker, Idea of washing the thread of nylon to remove any corrosive chemicals

22
Q

Precautions for Nylon

A

Avoid naked flames, or source of ignition because solvent is highly flammable. Wear gloves because reagents are corrosive, wear eye protection because reagents are corrosive

23
Q

What is a polymer

A

A Polymer is long chain molecule formed from smaller chain molecules knows as monomers

24
Q

How is polyethene formed

A

Polyethene - Formed from lots of theme molecules joined together under high temperature and pressure

25
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

Polymerisation occurs when small chain monomers reacted together to form a long chain

26
Q

What do monomers undergo when they join together

A

The monomers undergo addition when they join together

27
Q

How do we draw polymers

A

Change the double bond to a single bond
Add single bonds coming out of each side
Add brackets and write n after the brackets

28
Q

How do we name polymers

A

Take the name of the monomer. Add ply in front of the name. Eg Ethylene - Polyethylene

29
Q

The properties of metal - Hard

A

The bonding holds the metal shape of the metal

30
Q

The properties of metal - Ductile

A

Can be streched into shape. The electrons will move into the new shape

31
Q

The properties of metal - Conduct electricty

A

The electroons can flow freely as a sea of electrons

32
Q

The properties of metal - High melting and boiling points

A

A lot of energy needed to break the bonding

33
Q

What bonding do simple molecules have

A

Covalent. Strong within the molecules. Weak between molecules

34
Q

What properties do simple molecules have

A

Low melting and boiling points,gases. Do not conduct electricity

35
Q

What bonding does giant covalent have

A

Covalent. Strong giant structure

36
Q

What properties does giant covalent have

A

High melting and boiling points. Hard. Strong structures. Do not conduct electricity ( except graphite)

37
Q

What bonding do polymers have

A

Covalent. Strong bonding

38
Q

What properties do polymers have

A

High melting and boiling points. Flexible. Strong.Do not conduct

39
Q

What bonding does Giant ionic bonding have

A

Ionic, strong bonding

40
Q

What properties does Giant Ionic have

A

High melting and boiling point. Will conduct electricity in solution and when melted

41
Q

What bonding does metallic bonding have

A

Metallic. Strong bonding

42
Q

What properties do metallic bonding have

A

High melting and boiling point. Will conduct electricity

43
Q

What does a metallic bonding look like

A

Free electrons outside positive nucleus (sea of electrons). 4x3 4 accross 3 up structure. Nucleus presented by + and the electrons as - in clutters around. change it to show different properties.

44
Q

Who made the first known reference to the periodic table

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

45
Q

What does mendeleevs periodic table look like

A

U will be given a photo. Also in the doc

46
Q

What is the differences that mendeleevs table have compared to ours

A

No transition metals. No group 8. Arranged by atomic mass. Swapped Iodine and Tellurium to fit the pattern. No atomic numbers. He left gaps

47
Q
A

Chemistry (2 decks)

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