C2.2 Flashcards
What are the appearances of metal elements
Shiny
What are the melting and boiling points of metals
Usually high
What are metal elements state at room temperature
Solid
Are metals malleable or brittle when solid
Malleable (means able to be bent into a shape without breaking)
Are metal elements ductile or non-ductile
Ductile (able to be bent into wires)
What are metal elements in terms of thermal and electrical conductivity?
Good conductors for both
What is the appearance of non-metals
Dull
What are the melting and boiling points of non-metals
Usually low
What are non-metal’s state at room temperature
Half are solid and half are gas
Are non-metals brittle or malleable when solid
Brittle
Are non-metals ductile or non-ductile
Non ductile (snap when pulled)
Are non-metals good in terms of thermal and electrical conductivity
No, they are poor conductors
What does the group number of an atom determine
The number of electrons in the outer shell
What does the period number of an atom determine
The amount of electrons shells that an atom has
What do you represent a gained electron by in a diagram
Either a dot or cross depending on what you labelled all the other electrons
When drawing ions what should your remember
Brackets outside the diagram and the number showing whether it is positive or negative and how many electrons it has lost or gained
What type of ions do metals form
They always lost electrons to form positive ions
What is it called when metals and non-metals form
An ionic bond
What is the symbol for the polyatomic ion hydroxide
OH superscript -
What is the symbol for the polyatomic ion sulfate
SO subsequent 4 superscript 2-
What is the symbol for the polyatomic ion nitrate
NO subsequent 3 superscript -
What is the symbol for the polyatomic ion carbonate
CO subsequent 3 superscript 2-
What is the symbol for the polyatomic ion ammonium
NH subsequent 4 superscript +
What is a covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons between 2 non-metals when the atoms get close enough to share electrons in their outer shells. By sharing electrons, the atoms compete their outer shells
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a space-filling model
It does not show the size of the bonds between the nuclei and shared electrons
It does show how the electrons are shared in the molecule
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the ball and stick model model
The bonds are not actually sticks
Both the sizes of of the atoms and the length of the bonds are exaggerated
It suggests that the electrons that make the bonds do not move
It shows a 3d representation of atoms
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the displayed formula
Each atom is represented by its chemical symbol
Each covalent bond is represented by a straight line
Simple molecules have shapes
It does not show the 3d shape of the molecule
What is an ionic bond
The transfer of electron between a metals and non-metal
How is a polymer made?
Multiple monomers join together using covalent bond to create a polymer
What happens in a thermosoftening polymer
The polymer chains in this tangled web are relatively easy to separate
What is a thermosetting polymer
Chains joined together by strong covalent bonds. This is called cross linking. These are strong covalent bonds whereas thermosoftening uses weak intermolecular forces
What is metallic bonding.
The outer shell of electrons on a metal become delocalised and can move freely around the structure. The reason that the positive metal ions aren’t repelling from each is because they are strongly attached to the negative electrons. The atoms are packed together in a lattice arrangement but not too closely as they are all positive.
How strong is a covalent bond
Very strong
What state are simple molecules in the periodic table at room temperature
Gas
Are ionic structures conductors?
Only when they are in a liquid state or dissolved
