C2.1 Structure & Bonding

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

A substance made up of atoms of two or more elements, chemically combined together.

Question 2

Can compounds be seperated by filtering or distilling?

Answer 2

No as these are physical methods and cannot break the bonds.

Question 3

What type of bond causes metals and non metals to bond?

Answer 3

IONIC BONDS

Question 4

How do ionic bonds join the two substances?

Answer 4

There is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the non - metal, the metal becomes positively charged and the non-metal is negatively charged and so joining them together.

Question 5

How do two non - metals bond?

Answer 5

COVALENT BONDS

Question 6

Is covalent bonding sharing or stealing?

Answer 6

In covalent bonds, the electrons are shared between atoms and so these atoms travel together in pairs or groups called molecules.

Question 7

What is an ion?

Answer 7

An ion is a positive or negatively charged electron due to a loss or gain of electrons.

Question 8

What process is the loss of electrons?

Answer 8

Oxidisation

Question 9

What is reduction?

Answer 9

The gain of electrons

Question 10

Are ionic bonds taken or shared?

Answer 10

TAKEN

Question 11

What does OILRIG stand for?

Answer 11

Oxidisation is loss, reduction is gain

Question 12

What affects the reactivity of an element?

Answer 12

The amount of electrons in its outer shell

The closer the number is to full or empty, the more reactive the element is as it wants to have a full or empty outer shell.

Question 13

How are ionic bonds arranged?

Answer 13

In an IONIC LATTICE alternating POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ions joined together with ELECTROSTATIC

Question 14

What is the significance of the group number?

Answer 14

The group number is the same as the amount of electrons in the outer shell of the element

Question 15

How do you balance MgCl if Mg has a charge of 2+ and Cl has a charge of 1-?

Answer 15

MgCl2

Question 16

What happens to the electrons in METALLIC BONDING?

Answer 16

The electrons are shed and delocalised forming a delocalised electron sea.

Question 17

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 17

Delocalised electrons are the lost outer shell is electrons, they hold the metal ions / cat ions together and, because they can move, allow electricity to be conducted.

Question 18

Why are metals able to conduct electricity and bend?

Answer 18

The delocalised electron sea allows electricity to be conducted as when the current enters the electrons repel each other towards the positive end. They are free to move due to the cations.

This also means they can bend as the neat arrangement allows the ions to slide over eachother.

Question 19

What is the difference between an alloy and a compound?

Answer 19

An alloy is a mixture of 2 or more metals with different properties, whereas compounds are pure substances.

Question 20

What is a cat ion?

Answer 20

A positively charged metal

Question 21

Which type of bonding only happens in metals?

Answer 21

METALLIC BONDING

Question 22

What type of molecule is diamond or graphite?

Answer 22

An allotrope -> giant molecules made up of ONE element built or arranged in different ways

Question 23

What are the properties of diamond?

Answer 23

Diamond is a giant covalent structure.
Regular structure
Strong
Reflects light
Not very reactive

Question 24

What are the properties of Graphite?

Answer 24

Giant covalent structure
Lubricant for bike chains
Pencils
Hexagonal structures
In sheets that can slide from eachother and allow graphite to be deposited (in pencils)
3 strong covalent bonds
4th delocalised bond joins sheets together (weak)
can conduct electricity

Question 25

Why do diamond and graphite have very different properties?

Answer 25

Different structure and shape
Diamond -> 3.53 g/cm3 density, pyramid shape -> very strong and hard wearing -> used for drills + jewellery -> 4 bonds per carbon

Graphite -> 3 bonds per carbon -> delocalised bond allows sheets to slip together-> hexagonal shape -> good conductor of electricty due to loose bonds which also helps in pencils.