C2.1- Purity And Separating Mixtures

Question 1

Alloy

Answer 1

A mixture of a metal and at least one other element

Question 2

Balanced chemical equation

Answer 2

A model for a reaction showing formulae and number of units for all substances involved

Question 3

Boiling point

Answer 3

The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gas state

Question 4

Carrier gas

Answer 4

An unreactive or inert gas used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography

Question 5

Chemical formula

Answer 5

A description of a component or element that uses symbols to represent the atoms present. Number show if more than one atom of an element is present

Question 6

Chromatogram

Answer 6

The pattern produced when separating a mixture using chromatography

Question 7

Chromatography

Answer 7

A separation method that relies on the distribution of a substance between a mobile phase and a stationary phase

Question 8

Condense

Answer 8

To change form the gas state to the liquid state

Question 9

Crystallisation

Answer 9

The process by which crystals are formed during evaporation of a solvent form a solution

Question 10

Dissolve

Answer 10

The process in which a solute and solvent mix completely to form a solution

Question 11

Empirical formula

Answer 11

Formula showing the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

Question 12

Evaporate

Answer 12

When a substance turns from the liquid state to the gas state at a temperature below the boiling point

Question 13

Filtrate

Answer 13

Liquid that passes through the filter during filtrations

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

The process by which insoluble substances are separated from soluble substances using a filter

Question 15

Fraction

Answer 15

In chemistry, substance separated during fractional distillation

Question 16

Fractional distillation

Answer 16

Method for separating a mixture of liquids with different boiling points into different fractions

Question 17

Fractionating column

Answer 17

A piece of apparatus used to improve the separation of solvents during fractional distillation

Question 18

Gas chromatography

Answer 18

A type of chromatography that uses silica or alumina packed into a metal tube as the stationary phase, and an unreactive or inert cattier gas as the mobile phase

Question 19

Impure substance

Answer 19

Material consisting of two or more different elements and/or compounds

Question 20

Insoluble

Answer 20

Describes a substance that will not dissolve

Question 21

Melting point

Answer 21

The temperature at which a substance changes from solid state to the liquid state

Question 22

Mixture

Answer 22

Material consisting of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together

Question 23

Mobile phase

Answer 23

A substance in the liquid or gas state that moves during chromatography

Question 24

Paper chromatography

Answer 24

Separation method that uses paper as the stationary phase and a solvent in the liquid state as the mobile phase

Question 25

Periodic table

Answer 25

A table in which the elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups), in order of increasing atomic number

Question 26

Phase

Answer 26

In chemistry, a substance in the solid, liquid, or gas state

Question 27

Pure substance

Answer 27

Consisting of just one element or compound

Question 28

Purity

Answer 28

A measure of how pure a substance is. A 100% pure substance consists entirely of one element or compound

Question 29

Relative atomic mass

Answer 29

The mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom, defined as 12 exactly. Its symbol is Ar

Question 30

Relative formulas mass

Answer 30

Mr, the mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom, defined as 12 exactly. It is calculated by adding together the relative atomic masses for the atoms in the formula of a substance

Question 31

Relative molecular mass

Answer 31

Relative formula mass applied to a molecular substance

Question 32

Residue

Answer 32

Insoluble material left behind during filtration

Question 33

Rf value

Answer 33

Relative distance travelled by a substance during chromatography, calculated as: distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent

Question 34

Saturated solution

Answer 34

A solution containing the maximum mass of solute at a given temperature

Question 35

Simple distillation

Answer 35

Method to separate a solvent from a solution

Question 36

Solubility

Answer 36

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a certain temperature

Question 37

Soluble

Answer 37

A substance that will dissolve in a given solvent

Question 38

Solute

Answer 38

Substance that dissolves in a solvent

Question 39

Solution

Answer 39

A mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

Question 40

Solvent

Answer 40

A substance that can dissolve a solute to form a solution

Question 41

Stationary Phase

Answer 41

A substance in the solid or liquid state that does not move during chromatography

Question 42

Thin-Layer Chromatography

Answer 42

A type of chromatography that uses silica or alumina spread on a plate as the stationary phase, and a solvent in the liquid state as the mobile phase

Question 43

Vapour

Answer 43

A substance in its gas state and below its boiling point