C2.1 / C2.2 Structure and bonding

Question 1

Define covalent bonding

Answer 1

Non-metals sharing electrons

Question 2

What do intermolecular forces do in covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Intermolecular forces between the molecules make the molecules have low melting and boiling points because they don’t need a lot of energy to break

Question 3

What is the difference between intermolecular forces and bonds?

Answer 3

Bonds are harder to break

Question 4

Why does Carbon dioxide have a low boiling point?

Answer 4

The intermolecular forces make it easier to break when burned. This is because the more heat that’s added the more energy. However these forces don’t need a lot of energy to break and so therefore don’t need a lot of heat

Question 5

Define ionic bonding

Answer 5

A metal and a non-metal losing or gaining electrons

Question 6

What charge does group one elements have ad why?

Answer 6

+ 1 charge because they want to lose an electron to get a full outer shell

Question 7

What charge does group two elements have and why?

Answer 7

+ 2 charge because they want to lose two electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 8

What charge does group six elements have ad why?

Answer 8

• 2 charge because they want to gain two electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 9

What charge does group seven have and why?

Answer 9

• 1 charge because it wants to gain an electron to get a full outer shell

Question 10

What holds the two elements together in ionic bonding?

Answer 10

Electrostatic force between the ions

Question 11

Why does ionic bonding have a high boiling point?

Answer 11

Because the electrostatic forces need a lot of energy to break

Question 12

Can molecules of covalent bonding conduct electricity?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Can molecules of ionic bonding conduct electricity and why?

Answer 13

Solid = No because the ions can’t move

Liquid or molten = yes because the ions can move

Question 14

What objects have giant covalent bonding?

Answer 14

• Diamond

- Graphite

Question 15

What objects have giant ionic bonding?

Answer 15

• Silicone dioxide

Question 16

Define metallic bonding

Answer 16

A chemical bond between metals due to delocalised or free electrons on the outer shell

Question 17

What holds the metals together in metallic bonding?

Answer 17

Electrostatic forces between the metal ion and the electron

Question 18

Why is the boiling point in metallic bonding very high?

Answer 18

The electrostatic forces need a lot of energy to break

Question 19

Can molecules in metallic bonding conduct electricity and why?

Answer 19

Yes because the delocalised electrons can move passing the electricity from one to another

Question 20

What happens to the metal ions and electrons in metallic bonding?

Answer 20

The metal ions become positive and the electrons become negative and so opposites attract which keeps them together

Question 21

Give a characteristic of metallic molecules and explain why?

Answer 21

They can be hammered into shape because the structure is in a regular pattern

Question 22

Give the characteristic of each

• Giant covalent bonding
• Simple molecule
• Metallic bonding
• Ionic bonding

Answer 22

Giant covalent bonding= high boiling point and melting
point

Simple molecule = low melting and boiling point

Metallic bonding = conducts electricity and high boiling point

Ionic bonding = metal and non-metal