C202 ELOs Flashcards
Explain Contested Norms
Adversaries will credibly challenge international norms, rules, and agreements.
Explain Persistent Disorder
Adversaries will exploit the ability of societies to provide a functional, stable, and legitimate governance. Confrontations will fall short of traditional armed conflict.
Global trends affecting military leaders include
i. Rising tensions within and between countries that challenge American dominance and a rules-based international order established after WWII.
ii. Nonstate actors will shape geopolitics through competing narratives
iii. Competing narratives will make governing more difficult and collaboration less likely.
iv. Nonstate actors will use networks, relationships, and information to compete against the traditional diplomatic, economic, and military power from states.
v. These nonstate actors have the ability to increase the threat of terrorism by utilizing their nontraditional forms of power to operate beyond borders.
vi. Disruptive technology: automation and artificial intelligence
vii. Decreased global cooperation
viii. Climate change leads to migration, demographics, pollution, poor and strained health infrastructure.
ix. Changing demographics
Discuss emerging concepts for dealing with the threats, challenges, and opportunities of the ISE
a. Globally integrated operations are the emerging concept for how the joint force should prepare for the security environment that it will soon face.
b. Globally integrated operations require a globally-postured force that can quickly combine capabilities across echelons, domains, and regions to accomplish the joint mission.
c. Globally integrated operations include the integration of emerging capabilities: cyber, ISR, SOF. This integration will achieve greater effectiveness against the future threat.
The ways in which history, geography, economics, and diverse cultures influence the joint force commander’s ISE
a. History, geography, economics, and cultures influence the Joint Force’s understanding of its operational variables (PMESII) and the operating environment.
b. History illuminates potential reasons why an OE behaves a certain way, e.g., Russia’s history includes invasions from all directions – they still believe that historic threat exists today.
c. History influences contemporary domestic narratives – it will inform politics, economics, and social factors.
d. Geography influences access to LOCs, APOEs/Ds, SPOEs/Ds. Economic factors related to geography (e.g., sea/airport access, rural vs. urban terrain, local climatic factors affecting agribusiness) will influence the transition to Phase IV and V operations
e. Culture influences the social narrative within an OE (narratives: shared explanations of why the world is a certain way).
f. Cultural inputs are values, beliefs, rituals, ceremonies, symbols
g. Ref. JP 2-1.3 pg. VII-1 through VII-6
According to the JOE 2035, what will define the future security environment?
a. The future security environment consists of two overarching challenges:
i. Contested Norms: adversaries will credibly challenge international norms, rules, and agreements.
ii. Persistent Disorder: adversaries will exploit the ability of societies to provide a functional, stable, and legitimate governance. Confrontations will fall short of traditional armed conflict.
b. Contested norms and persistent disorder will exist along three fronts: world order; science, technology, engineering; human geography
c. Contexts for Future Conflicts
i. Violent ideological competition
ii. Threats to US territory and sovereignty
iii. Antagonistic tests to geopolitical balance
iv. Disrupted global commons
v. Contested cyberspace dominance
vi. Destructed / reconstructed regions
Where should a military professional go to learn about current global trends?
a. .gov and .mil publications
b. Products of private think tanks
c. Media
d. Recommended reading lists from senior leaders in the industry, government, military
e. Academia
What are the emerging concepts for defending America and her allies?
a. Globally integrated operations are the emerging concept for how the joint force should prepare for the security environment that it will soon face.
b. Globally integrated operations require a globally-postured force that can quickly combine capabilities across echelons, domains, and regions to accomplish the joint mission.
c. GIO includes the integration of emerging capabilities: cyber, ISR, SOF. This integration will achieve greater effectiveness against the future threat.
What are the elements of GIO
i. Mission command will be highly collaborative; it will emphasize trust and an ethic of decentralization to enable subordinate leaders to accomplish the mission within their commander’s intent. While mission command is the preferred command philosophy, but it is not always the most appropriate.
ii. Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative across time and domains. Our operational campaign designs must enable us to decide and direct faster than our threat.
iii. Global agility: the pace at which operations will evolve requires swift and adaptable forces. This will be accomplished through more efficient prepositioning of units and equipment. Cyber capabilities will allow us to adapt.
iv. Partnering
v. Flexibility in establishing and employing joint forces
vi. Cross-domain synergy
vii. Use of flexible, low-signature capabilities
viii. Be increasingly discriminant to minimize unintended consequences
What are the elements of GIO
i. Mission command will be highly collaborative; it will emphasize trust and an ethic of decentralization to enable subordinate leaders to accomplish the mission within their commander’s intent. While mission command is the preferred command philosophy, but it is not always the most appropriate.
ii. Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative across time and domains. Our operational campaign designs must enable us to decide and direct faster than our threat.
iii. Global agility: the pace at which operations will evolve requires swift and adaptable forces. This will be accomplished through more efficient prepositioning of units and equipment. Cyber capabilities will allow us to adapt.
iv. Partnering
v. Flexibility in establishing and employing joint forces
vi. Cross-domain synergy
vii. Use of flexible, low-signature capabilities
viii. Be increasingly discriminant to minimize unintended consequences
How does a systems perspective aid the JFC in understanding the operational environment?
a. JP 2-01.3, pg I-4
b. A systems perspective aids the JFC in forming a holistic understanding of the operational environment by framing the operational variables (PMESII) as a set of interconnected nodes.
c. Identifying nodes allows the JFC to better assess the impact of the friendly, enemy, and neutral party actions; help identify the center of gravity.
d. Identifying the relations and interdependencies among the variables helps the JFC visualize and describe how military actions affect other variables, and where other non-military actors (multinational partners, NGOs, interagency partners) may also be affected.
e. Seeking to understand the OE as a system enables the JFC to more completely understand and assess the OE, collaborate with interagency/multinational/NGO partners, and better direct military forces towards achieving military ends.
What is one framework JP 5-0 describes to help commanders and staffs develop an understanding of the operational environment?
a. One framework that helps commanders understand their OE is JIPOE.
b. JIPOE (Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment) utilizes PMESII with a systems perspective in order to understand connections, interdependencies, centers of gravity, and nodes.
i. Political
ii. Military
iii. Economic
iv. Social
v. Information
vi. Infrastructure
c. Ref. JP 5-0, pg IV-11, figure IV-4 Understanding the Operational Environment.
What role can history play in gaining a better understanding of a regional environment?
a. History illuminates potential reasons why an OE behaves a certain way, e.g., Russia’s history includes invasions from all directions – they still believe that the historic threats exist today.
b. History influences contemporary domestic narratives – it will inform politics, economics, and social factors.
What geographical factors are important for a CCMD planner in gaining an understanding of the environment?
a. Access to LOCs, APOEs/Ds, SPOEs/Ds
b. Terrain, weather, and climate variations
c. The major water features
d. Economic factors related to geography will influence the transition to Phase IV and V operations
What is important for CCMD planners to know about the economics of a region?
a. Economics reveal terrain characteristics of the operating environment. A mostly agricultural/pre-industrialized OE may present more austerity. A post-industrial, modern OE may present a more urban setting.
b. Economics informs the CCMD on civilian considerations they must account for. The economic wealth of an OE suggests whether or not other forms of power (other than military) might be more effective.
