C2-the Periodic Table Flashcards
What determines the position of an element in the periodic table?
The atomic proton number of an element
What determines an atoms chemical properties?
The number of electrons in the outermost shell
What does the group number in the periodic table equal
The number of electrons in the outermost shell
Do atoms of metals and non metals tend to gain or loose electrons
Metals lose electron whereas non metals tend to gain electrons
Why are the noble gases in group 0 un reactive?
Because they have very stable electron arrangements
What are the elements in group 1 called?
Alkali metals
What happens to group 1 metals as you go down the group
Their melting and boiling points decrease
What do all the group one metals react with water to form?
Hydrogen and alkaline solution contains the metal hydroxide
What ions do metals form in reactions to make ionic compounds?
1+ ions. These are generally white and dissolve in water giving colourless solutions.
What happens to the reactivity going down group 1?
The reactivity increases
What do alkalis need to be stored in?
Oil-stops them reacting with oxygen in the air
What does reaction with water form?
Hydroxide + hydrogen
Describe group 1 reaction with water
When you add lithium sodium or potassium to water the metal floats on the water moving around and fizzing. The fizzing happens because the metal reacts with the water to form hydrogen gas. Potassium reacts so vigorously with the water that the hydrogen produced ignites. It burns with a lilac flame, coloured by the potassium ions formed in the reaction. The reaction between an alkali metal and water also produces a metal hydroxide this is why they are called alkali metals. The hydroxides of the alkali metals are all soluble in water. The solution is colourless with the high ph. Universal indicator turns purple.
The alkali metals also react vigorously with non metals such as chlorine gas. What do they produce?
They produce metal chlorides. Which are white solids. They dissolve readily in water to form colourless solutions
What are group 7 elements called?
Halogens
What properties do group 7 have?
They have low melting and biking points. Their melting and boiling points increase going down the group.
They are poor conductors of heat and electricity
As elements the halogens all exist as molecules made up of pairs of atoms. These are called diatomic molecules. What are these atoms in each pair joined to each other by?
Covalent bond
Do halogens get more or less reactive going down the group?
Less
What ions do halogens form?
1- because they gain an electron to become stable.
What happens in displacement for group 7?
A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of one of its salts
As you go down a group the number of shells occupied by electrons increases. By one extra electron shell per period This means that the atoms become larger going down any group.what two effects does this have?
Larger atoms lose electrons more easily going down a group.
Larger atoms gain electrons less easily going down a group
What does electrostatic attract depend on?
The distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus
The number of occupied inter shells of electrons which provide a shielding effect
The side of the positive charge on the nucleus
Physical properties of transition elements.
They are good conductors of electricity and thermal energy
They are hard and strong
They have high densities
They have high melting points.
Do the transition elements reacts vigorously with oxygen or water
No
What can a transition element form?
Ions with different charges in compounds that are often coloured.
Are transition elements and their compounds important industrial catalysts
Yes
