C2 the periodic table Flashcards
In the early 1800s, which scientist arranged the elements in order of their atomic weights?
Dalton
In 1864, which scientist arranged the elements in order of their atomic mass and noticed that the properties of every 8th element were similar, though they did not realise that not all elements had been found?
Newlands
In 1869, which scientist arranged the elements by their atomic mass, switched elements when they did not fit the patterns, and left gaps for undiscovered elements which when discovered matched with their predictions?
Mandeleev
Now, what are elements ordered by in the periodic table?
Atomic number
The ______ _______ of an element determines its position in the periodic table
Atomic number
Metals are found on the ____ side of the periodic table
Left
Non-metals are found on the _____ side of the periodic table
Right
What are the rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the columns of the periodic table called?
Groups
The atoms of metals tend to ____ electrons
Lose
The atoms of non-metals tend to ____ electrons
Gain
The noble gases in Group 0 are __________ because they each have a stable full outer shell
Unreactive
As you move down Group 0, their boiling points ________
Increase
What are the elements in Group 1 called?
Alkali metals
As you move down the alkali metals, their melting and boiling points __________
Decrease
As you move down the alkali metals their reactivities _________
Increase
All group 1 metals react rapidly with _____ and chlorine, and this reactivity increases as you move down the group
Oxygen
All group 1 metals react with water to produce ________ and an alkaline solution containing the metal
Hydrogen
group 1 metal + water -> metal hydroxide + ?
hydrogen
group 1 metal + water -> ? + hydrogen
metal hydroxide
group 1 metal + ? -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
water
Alkali metals react to form __ ions in reactions to make ionic compounds which are generally white and dissolve in water to make a colourless solution
1+
The group 1 elements get more reactive as you move down the group because the outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus and easier to ____, as there is a greater distance between it and the nucleus, and internal energy levels shield it from the nucleus
Lose
What are the elements in Group 7 called?
Halogens
Halogens react to form __ ions in their ionic compounds with metals
1-
Halogens form covalent compounds by sharing _________ with other non-metals
Electrons
As you move down the halogens their reactivities _________
Decrease
As you move down the halogens their melting and boiling points _________
Increase
A more reactive halogen can ________ a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of one of its salts
Displace
Trends in reactivity can be explained in terms of attraction between the outermost electrons and the _______
Nucleus
Electrostatic attraction between the outermost electrons and the nucleus depends on the ________ between them
Distance
GCSE Chemistry C2 The Periodic Table
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Electrostatic attraction between the outermost electrons and the nucleus depends on the the number of occupied inner shells of electrons, which provide a _________ effect
Shielding
Electrostatic attraction between the outermost electrons and the nucleus depends on the size of the positive charge of the _______
Nucleus
Compared with alkali metals, transition elements have much ______ melting points and densities
Higher
Compared with alkali metals, transition elements are stronger and harder, but also much less ________
Reactive
The transition elements do not react vigorously with oxygen or _____
Water
A transition element can form ions with different _______
Charges
Transition elements form ________ compounds
Coloured
Transition elements and their compounds are important industrial _________
Catalysts
Transition elements are hard and strong, and have ____ melting points
High
