C2 Personal Investigation 2: Content Analysis

Question 1

State the variables you are assessing

Answer 1

Antisocial Behaviour is ‘alcohol portrayal either positive negative or neutral’

Question 2

State an operationalised alternative hypothesis

Answer 2

There will be a significant difference between the number of positive and negative messages of alcohol portrayal between breaking bad and peaky blinders (TV Shows)

Question 3

Identify if your alternative hypothesis is directional or non-directional

Answer 3

Non-directional

Question 4

Justify/Explain why you chose to use a non-directional hypothesis

Answer 4

I chose to use a non-directional hypothesis as research conducted by Cumberbatch highlighted that there was a negative, positive and neutral portrayal of alcohol, therefore it was harder to distinguish between which portrayal would be the most frequent in my content analysis on alcohol portrayal this stage as the expectations on the portrayal of alcohol is yet to be established through research

Question 5

State an appropriate null hypothesis

Answer 5

There will be no significant difference between the number of positive and negative messages of alcohol portrayal between breaking bad and peaky blinders any difference will be due to chance.

Question 6

Identifty the type of methodology chosen for this research

Answer 6

Content Analysis

Question 7

State why you have chosen the methodology and link to the variables

Answer 7

Content analysis is an ethical research tool to quantify alcohol portrayal since it is time efficient due to the artefacts: the TV shows in Peaky Blinders and Breaking Bad already exist

Question 8

Explain at least two advantages of your chosen methodology and link to your variables

Answer 8

One advantage of content analysis has high ecological validity as the TV shows (Peaky Blinders and Breaking BAd) are based on real communications and current ideas surrounding alcohol use, therefore it has mundane realism.

Another advantage of content analysis is that as the tv shows (Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders) already exists there is no chance of demand characteristics

Question 9

Explain at least two advantages of your chosen methodology and link to your variables

Answer 9

One advantage of content analysis has high ecological validity as the TV shows (Peaky Blinders and Breaking Bad) are based on real communications and current ideas surrounding alcohol use, therefore it has mundane realism.

Another advantage of content analysis is that as the tv shows (Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders) already exist there is no chance of demand characteristics

Question 10

Explain at least two limitations of your chosen methodology and link them to your variables

Answer 10

One limitation is that content analysis cane be open to researcher bias due to the way in which I tallied positive and negative portrayals, I would have been more inclined to tally a more even spread of portrayals as my hypothesis was non-directional.

Another limitation is that content analysis cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships as it is a non-experimental method, for example between antisocial behaviour and every day life

Question 11

Give a step by step description of how you carried out the analysis

Answer 11

• We collected frequency quantitative data
• The programme used was Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders series 1 episodes 1-5
• The coding scale used was a tally, separated by episode and season in a table. - A tally is made of the number of times that the coding unit appears

Question 12

Identify the main characteristics of your sample group

Answer 12

• Included two televison shows: Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders
• Included 10 episodes all together 5BB 5PD
• One American show
  One British show
• Breaking Bad was released in 2008, and peaky blinders was released 2013

Question 13

Identify an appropriate descriptive statistic that could be used to describe the data

Answer 13

I calavculated the mode for the most common portrayal (positive or negative) amongst Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders

Question 14

Explain why your choice of descriptive statistic is appropriate for your research

Answer 14

As both measures of dispersion require data to be ranked or summed, neither is appropriate for data measured at the nominal level therefore we used the mode

Question 15

Identify an appropriate graphical representation that could be used to describe the data collected

Answer 15

Bar Chart

Question 16

Explain why your choice of graphical representation is appropriate for your research

Answer 16

• Visually see the difference between positive and negative alcohol portrayal

Question 17

Identify an appropriate inferential statistic that you used to display the data collected

Answer 17

Chi-squared

Question 18

Briefly summarise your findings

Answer 18

Used the mode as we gathered frequency data and recorded using a tally. The mode for BB was positive portrayal whereas the mode for Peaky Blinders was negative portrayal. Used a bar chart to represent the difference in portrayal (positive and negative). Used chi-squared and found that our calculated value was 0.5 and the critical value was 3.84

Question 19

State what conclusions you can draw from the findings of your research linked to your variables

Answer 19

As the calculated value is 0.495 which is less than the critical value of 3.84, this means that the findings are not significant at p=0.05 and therefore the null hypothesis can be accepted and alternative rejected. This means that there is no significant difference between the positive and negative portrayal between Breaking Bad and Peaky Blinders any difference is due to chance factors

Question 20

identify two issues if reliablilty that you faced in the research

Answer 20

• One issue is that you cannot check the external reliabiliytu as the four researchers only conducted the study once.
• As the data was collected by 4 researchers there may be consistency issued in recording positive and negative portrayals.

Question 21

Explain how your research was reliable linking to your research

Answer 21

-Positive and negative portrayal was standardised in definitions for example positive included celebrations and negative included events leading to fighting
- we used a pilot study to see if the data was collected in a consistent way by checking results using a love island audtion ta[pe and how many times the participants smiled/ danced

Question 22

Identify at least two issues of validity that you faced in your research

Answer 22

One issue of validity is that not all four researchers have an accurate and clear understanding of positive and negative portrayals.

Another issue is that Peaky Blinders and Breaking Bad may not be representative of all TV shows.

Question 23

Identify how you established that the research was valid

Answer 23

Antidocail behavour has been measured accurately as wee had clear definitions so construct validity as well as checking with psychology teacher.

Used TVs from amerivcan and birtish culture, has the potential to be representative of western society

Question 23

Identify how you established that the research was valid

Answer 23

Antidocail behavour has been measured accurately as wee had clear definitions so construct validity as well as checking with psychology teacher.

Used TVs from amerivcan and birtish culture, has the potential to be representative of western society