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Science Revision > C2 Keywords > Flashcards

C2 Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

define atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

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2
Q

define electron

A

Subatomic particle, with a negative charge and a negligible mass relative to protons and neutrons.

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3
Q

Define plum pudding model

A

The scientific idea that an atom is a sphere of positive charge, with negatively charged electrons in it.

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4
Q

Define alpha particle

A

Subatomic particle comprising two protons and two neutrons (the same as a helium nucleus)

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5
Q

Define vacuum

A

A volume that contains no matter.

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6
Q

Define nucleus

A

The central part of an atom. It contains protons and neutrons, and has most of the mass of the atom. The plural of nucleus is nuclei.

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7
Q

define proton

A

Subatomic particle with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1. The relative charge of a proton is +1

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8
Q

define neutron

A

Uncharged subatomic particle, with a mass of 1 relative to a proton. The relative charge of a neutron is 0.

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9
Q

define mass

A

The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

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10
Q

define element

A

A substance made of one type of atom only.

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11
Q

define atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called the proton number.

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12
Q

define mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.

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13
Q

define ionise

A

To ionise is to convert an uncharged atom or molecule into a charged particle by adding or removing electrons.

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14
Q

define energy levels

A

Specific amounts of energy that electrons have when they orbit a nucleus is a particular shell. Electrons that gain energy may move to a higher energy level (a shell further from the nucleus). Electrons that lose energy may move to a lower energy level (a shell closer to the nucleus).

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15
Q

define ion

A

Electrically charged particle, formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.

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16
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

This is the mass of the atom compared with that of the carbon-12 isotope, which has a mass of exactly 12.

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17
Q

define periodic table

A

A tabular representation of all known elements in order based on atomic number

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18
Q

define noble gases

A

The elements in Group 0 of the Periodic Table, named for their lack of chemical reactivity.

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19
Q

define group

A

A vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.

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20
Q

define period

A

A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table.

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21
Q

define metal

A

Shiny element that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms basic oxides.

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22
Q

define non-metals

A

Non element that is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms acidic oxides.

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23
Q

define Group 1

A

The first vertical column of elements in the periodic table, starting with lithium and ending with francium. Also called the alkali metals.

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24
Q

define melting point

A

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid as it is heated.

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25
Q

define electronic configuration

A

The order electrons are arranged in different shells.

26
Q

define Group 7

A

The vertical column of non-metal elements next to group 0 in the periodic table, also called the halogens.

27
Q

define transition metals

A

A metal that is located in between Group 2 and Group 3 and has brightly coloured compounds.

27
Q

define Group 0

A

The vertical column of non-metal elements on the far right of the periodic table, also called the noble gases.

28
Q

define halogens

A

An element placed in Group 7 of the periodic table, which starts with fluorine and ends with astatine. The name ‘halogen’ means ‘salt-producing’ because halogens produce a range of salts when they react with metals.

29
Q

define displacement reaction

A

Is a reaction in which a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound.

30
Q

define properties

A

The characteristics of something. In chemistry, chemical properties include the reactions a substance can take part in. Physical properties include colour and boiling point.

31
Q

define density

A

A measure of compactness and the ratio of mass to volume. It is usually measured in kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m3) or grams per centimetre cubed (g/cm3)

32
Q

define alkali

A

A base which is soluble in water.

33
Q

define properties

A

The characteristics of something. In chemistry, chemical properties include the reactions a substance can take part in. Physical properties include colour and boiling point.

34
Q

define base

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it and produce a salt.

35
Q

define dissolve

A

When a substance breaks up and mixes completely with a solvent to produce a solution.

36
Q

define alkaline

A

Having a pH greater than 7.

37
Q

define solution

A

Mixture formed by a solute and a solvent.

38
Q

define pH

A

Scale of acidity or alkalinity. A pH (power of hydrogen) value below 7 is acidic, a pH value above 7 is alkaline.

39
Q

define reactivity

A

A measure of how vigorously a substance will react. The more reactive it is, the greater its reactivity and the more vigorous its reactions will be.

40
Q

define cation

A

An atom or group of atoms that have lost electrons and become positively charged. Most cations are formed from metals.

41
Q

define reactive

A

The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.

42
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43
Q

define molecule

A

A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

44
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58
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Science Revision (4 decks)

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