C2 definitions

Question 1

conductor

Answer 1

a material which contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy

Question 2

covalent bond

Answer 2

a shared pair of electrons between two non metals

Question 3

diamond

Answer 3

a giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form 4 covalent bonds with 4 other carbon atoms

Question 4

electrostatic forces

Answer 4

the strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 5

fullerenes

Answer 5

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structures
are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain 5 or 7 carbon atoms.

Question 6

gas

Answer 6

the state of matter where the particles have the most energy. the particles in a gas are relatively spread out and move randomly in all directions

Question 7

graphene

Answer 7

a single layer of graphite

Question 8

graphite

Answer 8

a giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form 3 covalent bonds with 3 carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers

Question 9

ionic bond

Answer 9

a metal loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and a non metal gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion. an ionic bond is formed between the oppositely charged ions

Question 10

ionic compound

Answer 10

chemical compound formed of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces

Question 11

intermolecular forces

Answer 11

the forces which exist between molecules. the strength of the intermolecular forces impact physical properties like boiling/melting

Question 12

lattice

Answer 12

a repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules. this arrangement occurs in crystal structures

Question 13

liquid

Answer 13

the state of matter where the particles are arranged randomly and close together and are able to move past one another

Question 14

metallic bond

Answer 14

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of
the periodic table

Question 15

molecular formula

Answer 15

The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 16

nanoparticles

Answer 16

Nanoparticles have diameters between 1 nm to 100 nm in size.
Nanoparticles can exhibit properties different to those for the same material in bulk.

Question 17

nanoscience

Answer 17

Nanoscience refers to structures that are 1–100 nm in size, of the order of a
few hundred atoms

Question 18

polymers

Answer 18

Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together
by covalent bond

Question 19

solid

Answer 19

The state of matter where the particles hold a regular arrangement and have the least
amount of energy