C2 Chemistry Top 27 Flashcards
What is an ion and how is it formed?
A charged atom, forms when an atom loses or gains electrons
State to the three different types of bonds and the type of elements they join together
Ionic bonds- metal and non-metal
Covalent bonds - 2 nonmetals
Metallic bonds - 2 metals
What type of ion do the following form?
A) metal
B) non-metal
A) +
B) -
Write the chemical formula for the following compounds
A) sodium(Na) Oxide(O)
B) calcium(Ca) chloride(Cl)
A) Na2O
B) CaCl2
What does LIPGIN stand for?
Loss is positive, gain is negative
Describe what happens to the electrons during the formation of an ionic bond between sodium and chlorine
Sodium loses one electron to become 1+ and chlorine gains that one electron to become 1-
Describe the configuration for a giant ionic lattice
The ions are arranged in rows of alternating positive and negative charge
State properties of giant ionic lattice and explain how ionic bonding causes each property
Conduct electricity - because the ions can move freely when in molten or aqueous form, rigid- because it has a high electrostatic force of attraction, high melting point- because of large amount of energy needed to break apart the bonds
Why can’t giant ionic lattice is conduct electricity when solid but they can when liquid?
Because the electrons can’t flow through the structure as they are locked in place when solid
Describe what happens to the electrons during the formation of a covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen in methane
Carbon can lose or gain four electrons to become +4 or -4. Hydrogen then gains to get a full outer shell
Why do simple covalent molecules such as methane have low melting and boiling points?
They have weak intermolecular forces
Give three example, examples of giant covalent lattice
Diamond, fullerene, graphite
Explain why
A) diamond is hard but graphite is soft
B) diamond cannot conduct electricity but graphite can conduct electricity
A) graphite is made of layers that slip and slide
B) diamond has no delocalised electrons that can flow through the structure, unlike graphite
States three properties of silicon dioxide
High melting point, high boiling point, doesn’t conduct electricity, hard and Strong
Compare the following properties of graphene to graphite
A) structure
B) strength
C) conduction of electricity
A) graphene is one layer of graphite
B) graphene is weaker
C) both conduct electricity
Explain how fullerenes could be used to deliver drugs into the body
They are hollow and cylindrical, so they carry things and roll
Which is larger, an atom or a nanoparticle
Atoms are bigger. Atoms- 0.1nm, nano- 1-100nm
Describe the structure and formation of a polymer
Polymers are mixes of plastics in long chains called monomers
Name the polymer made from several monomers of butane
Polybutane
What is the difference between a Thermosetting polymer and a Thermosoftening polymer?
Thermosoftening has weaker intermolecular forces. Thermosetting has cross links
Describe metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
List 3 properties of metals and explain how metallic bonding causes each property
Conducts heat- because of the free movement of electrons, conducts electricity- because of the free movement of electrons, malleable- allows metal atoms to slide over each other without breaking the bonds
What is an alloy?
A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Pure metals are softer as it is in rows so can slip and side
Name the three states of matter and explain how the strength of the forces between particles influence the temperature at which is substance changes state
Solid, liquid, gas
The temperature determines how much energy is needed to change the substances state
What do the following state symbols mean?
A) s
B) l
C) g
D) aq
A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) aqueous
What is the name of the temperature at which
A) a solid turns into a liquid?
B) a liquid turns into a gas?
A) melting point
B) boiling point
