C2 Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Give the 3 types of chemical bonding.

Answer 1

• Ionic bonding.
• Covalent bonding.
• Metallic bonding.

Question 2

Explain what ions are and what metal and non-metal ions form.

Answer 2

• Ions are charged particles.
• When metals form ions they lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions.
• When non-metals form ions, they gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions.

Question 3

What ions do group 1, group 2, group 6 and group 7 elements form?

Answer 3

• Group 1 elements form 1+ ions.
• Group 2 elements form 2+ ions.
• Group 6 elements form 2- ions.
• Group 7 elements form 1- ions.

Question 4

Explain ionic bonding.

Answer 4

• When a metal and non-metal react together the metal atom loses electrons and the non-metal gains these electrons. These oppositely charge ions are strongly attracted by electrostatic forces.

Question 5

The number of electrons lost or gained is the same as the (1) _____ on the ion. E.g. If 2 electrons are lost the charge is 2(2)__ . If 2 electrons are gained the charge is 2(3)__.

Answer 5

1) charge
2) +
3 -

Question 6

What is a scientific name for positive ions and negative ions?

Answer 6

• Positive ions = cations.

- Negative ions = anions.

Question 7

What are dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 7

• Dot and cross diagrams show the arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion.
• Each electron is represent by a dot or a cross.
• In the first half of the dot and cross diagram the outer shell of each atom is shown with the chemical symbol, electron configuration and name of the atom shown below. In the second half of the dot and cross diagram the outer shell of the atom is shown after bonding surrounded by square brackets ( [ ] ) and the charge is written in the top right corner. The chemical symbol with the charge, the new electron structure and the name of the ion is written below.
• Practice drawing this on paper for the bonding of:
  Magnesium and Oxygen, Magnesium and Chlorine and Sodium and Oxygen.

Question 8

Give 2 advantages and 3 disadvantages of the dot and cross diagram.

Answer 8

2 advantages :

1) These diagrams can show which atom the electrons in an ion originally cane from.
2) They are useful for showing how dot and cross diagrams are formed.

2 disadvantages:

1) These diagrams don’t show the structure of the compound.
2) They don’t the size of the compound.
3) They don’t show how the compounds are arranged.

Question 9

What is the name of the structure of ionic compounds?

Answer 9

• Ionic compounds have a structure called a giant ionic lattice.