Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CCRN > C2: Cardiovascular: Physiology & Assessment > Flashcards

C2: Cardiovascular: Physiology & Assessment Flashcards

0
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A
  1. Superior, posterior, right

2. 2nd ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A
  1. Inferior, anterior, left

2. 5th ICS, MCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the layers and sub layers of the cardiac wall.

A

Pericardium

Serous
-parietal
(Pericardial space)
-visceral aka epicardium

Epicardium

Fatty CT

Myocardium

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fxn of pericardium?

A

Keep heart stationary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Layers of the pericardium?

A
  1. Fibrous: protects against infection and neoplasm

2. Serous: parietal, (pericardial space),visceral aka epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal amt of fluid in pericardial space?

A

10-30cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Constituents of myocardium.

A
  1. Specialized conduction fibers

2. Interlacing cardiac muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Constituents of endocardium.

A
  1. CT
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Endothelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fxn of endothelial cells.

A

Form smooth surface for blood contact .:. Deters clot formation

Lines chambers and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type of tissue and Location of cardiac skeleton?

A

CT at base of the heart and interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the atria

A

Thin-walled, LOW pressure chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

P in R atrium?

A

2-6mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

P in L atrium?

A

8-12 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What % of blood fills by passive ventricular filling?

A

70-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of blood fills by active ventricular filling and what is the mechanism?

A

25-30%

Atrial contraction at the end of ventricular diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 inflow tracts to R atrium?

A
  1. SVC
  2. IVC
  3. Coronary sinus
  4. Thebesian veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outflow tract of R atrium?

A

Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 inflow tracts of L atrium?

A

4 OXYGENATED pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Outflow tract of L atrium?

A

Mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which chambers contain trabeculae?

A

Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the thickness of the RV and LV

A

RV: thin walled
LV: thick walled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RV Pressure

A

Low 25/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Outflow tract of RV?

A

Pulmonary artery (DEOXYGENATED)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe LV position

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pressure in LV?

A

LV 120/5

25
Q

Outflow tract of LV

A

Aorta

26
Q

Purpose of cardiac valves

A

Maintain unidirectional flow

27
Q

Define stenosis

A

Narrowing of the valvular orifice preventing normal antegrade flow

28
Q

3 definitions for the inadequate closure of the valvular orifice allowing retrograde flow

A
  1. Regurgitant
  2. Incompetent
  3. Insufficient
29
Q

Position of AV valves during diastole? Is this active or passive?

A

Open, passive

30
Q

Position of AV valves during systole? Mechanism?

A

Closed

Active process by contraction of papillary muscles

31
Q

Which heart sound accounts for the closure of the AV valves?

A

S1

Components: M1 and T1

32
Q

Describe the location of the semi lunar valves

A

Between the ventricles and the great vessels

33
Q

What are the components of the semi lunar valves

A

An annulus and three cusps

34
Q

How do the semi lunar valves operate?

A

Pressure gradients

35
Q

Which heart sound are the semi lunar valves are responsible for?

A

S2

Components A2 and P2

36
Q

Where are the coronary arteries located?

A

The first branch off the aorta, immediately after the aortic valve

37
Q

What percentage of cardiac output does the myocardium receive

A

5% also, it extracts 65 to 80% of oxygen in the blood even at a basal rate

38
Q

How is bloodflow in the coronary artery is regulated

A

Almost entirely by local auto regulation based on the myocardium’s metabolic demands

39
Q

When is the left ventricle perfused

A

Primarily during diastole due to compression of the musculature (and therefore intramuscular vessels) during systole

40
Q

When is the right ventricle perfused during the cardiac cycle

A

greater in diastole but throughout the cardiac cycle

41
Q

Define aortic root pressure

A

The pressure in the aorta immediately outside the aortic valve. This is a significant part of coronary artery filling pressure

42
Q

What is the equation for coronary artery perfusion pressure (CAPP)?

A

CAPP= DBP - PAOP

*PAOP aka PA wedge pressure or pulmonary capillary pressure

43
Q

List the four determinants of myocardial oxygen demand

A
  1. heart rate
  2. Preload
  3. After load
  4. Contractility
44
Q

What are the four determinants of oxygen supply

A
  1. Patent arteries
  2. Diastolic pressure
  3. Diastolic time
  4. Oxygen extraction
45
Q

What parameters affect oxygen extraction

A
  1. hemoglobin

2. Arterial oxygen saturation (sao2)

46
Q

What are the two main coronary arteries?

A

The left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery

47
Q

The left main coronary artery bifurcates into which two vessels

A
  1. LAD left anterior descending

2. LCA Left circumflex artery

48
Q

Which areas of the heart does the LAD supply

A
  1. Anterior LV
  2. Anterior 2/3 of IVS
  3. Apex of LV
  4. Bundle of his and bundle branches
49
Q

Which areas of the heart does the LCA supply

A
  1. LA
  2. SA node 45% of hearts
  3. AV node 10% of hearts
  4. Marginal (obtuse marginal) branch supplies Lateral LV and posterior LV
50
Q

Which areas of the heart do the RCA supply

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. SA node (55% of hearts)
  3. L posterior hemibundle (dual blood supply from RCA and LAD)
  4. Marginal branch
51
Q

Which areas do the marginal branch of the RCA supply

A
  1. Lateral RV

2. Inferior RV

52
Q

What percentage of hearts are dominated by the RCA

A

80%

53
Q

In RCA dominant hearts, a branch of RCA referred to as the posterior descending artery PDA supplies what parts of the heart

A
  1. Anterior RV
  2. Inferior wall of LV
  3. Posterior LV
  4. Posterior 1/3 of septum
54
Q

What is collateral circulation

A

Dear arterial vessels that connects a.k.a. anastomose with each other

55
Q

What factors foster the development of collateral circulation

A

Anemia, hypoxia, and arteriosclerosis

56
Q

Where do most coronary veins empty

A

Right atrium

57
Q

The Thebesian veins drain some of the venous blood from the myocardium directly into where

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle rather then the coronary sinus

58
Q

What is the physiological effect of venous blood emptying directly into the left ventricle

A

It creates a normal physiologic shunt because it slightly decreases the oxygen saturation

59
Q

Describe the pathway of cardiac lymphatic drainage

A

Main cardiac channel>pre tracheal node>lymphatic duct

60
Q

What facilitates cardiac lymphatic drainage

A

Contraction

CCRN (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions