C2: bonding, structure and properties of matter

Question 1

Advantages of dot and cross diagrams

Answer 1

Show the bonding in covalent compounds

Shows which atoms the electrons in a covalent bond come from

Show how ionic compounds are formed

Question 2

Disadvantage of dot and cross diagrams

Answer 2

Don’t show the relative sizes of the atoms

How the atoms are arranged in space

Th structure of the compound

The size of the ions

Question 3

Advantage of displayed formula

Answer 3

How atoms are connected in large molecules

Question 4

Disadvantage of displayed formula

Answer 4

Don’t show 3D structure of the molecule
Or
Which atoms the electrons in the covalent bond have come from

Question 5

Advantage to the 3D model

Answer 5

Shows the atoms, covalent bonds and their arrangement

Question 6

Disadvantage of the 3D models

Answer 6

Can quickly get confusing for large molecules where there are lots of atoms to include

They don’t show where the electrons in the bonds have come from

Question 7

Advantage of the ball and stick model

Answer 7

Shows regular patterns of an ionic Crystal

Shows how they are arranged

Question 8

Disadvantages of ball and sick model

Answer 8

Isn’t to scale

In reality there are no gaps between ions

The relative sizes of the ions may not be shown

Question 9

What happens to metals to form ions

Answer 9

They lose electrons form their outer shell to form positive ions

Question 10

What happens to non-metals to form ions

Answer 10

They gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions

Question 11

What do dot and cross diagrams show

Answer 11

The arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion

Question 12

What is a regular Lattice structure

Answer 12

Is where ions form a closely packed regular lattice arrangement and there are very strong electrostatic forced of attraction between oppositely chapter ions

Question 13

Similar properties of ionic compounds

Answer 13

High melting and boiling points due to many strong bonds between the ions

When they’re a solid they ions are held in place to they can’t conduct electricity

When they are a substance they are free to move and they can now carry electric current

Dissolve Easily

Question 14

How do hydrogen form a full outer shell

Answer 14

Hydrogen only needs one more electron to complete a full outer shell

They form single covalent bonds either with another hydrogen or with other elements

Question 15

How does oxygen achieve a full outer shell

Answer 15

Oxygen need two more electrons to complete its outer shell

So oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons with each other making a double covalent bond

Question 16

How does Methane(CH4) complete a full outer shell

Answer 16

Carbon has 4 outer electrons (half a shell)

It can form 4 covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms to full it’s outer shell

Question 17

How does chlorine achieve a full outer shell

Answer 17

Each Chlorine atom needs just one more electron to complete a full outer shell

So 2 chlorine atoms can shed one pair and form a single covalent bond

Question 18

How does nitrogen form a full outer shell

Answer 18

Nitrogen need three more electrons to form a full outer shell

2 nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons to fill their outer shells

To create a triple bond