C2 Flashcards
Whats atmoic number?
How many protons in an atom
Whats atomic mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons
Whats an isotope?
Different forms of same element that have same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Two properties of ionic compounds?
- high melting and boiling points
- they conduct electricity when molten or aqueous
How to make dry insoluble salts
Pick two soluble salts mix them with distilled water and filter them through paper into a conical flask and rinse the liquid away for a hard salt
Whats number of protons equal to?
Electrons
What is an electrons charge?
1/2000
When an anion joins a cation what does it form?
Ionic bonds
What happens in ionic bonding?
Atoms transfer electrons to form a charged ion (group of atoms)
What colour flame does sodium give?
Orange/yellow
Flame of calcium?
Brick red
Copper flame?
Blue green flame
Whats spectroscopy used for?
To identify elements
What are covalent bonds?
Bonds that share electrons between two atoms
Four properties of diamond?
- four covalent bond forms each carbon atom
- very rigid covalent structure
- really hard
- doesnt conduct electricity cause theres no free electrons
three detailed properties of graphite?
- each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds which slide easily making it a good lubricant
- layers are held together loosely so can be rubbed onto paper
- lots of spare delocalised atoms so its a good conducter of electricity
What does immiscible mean?
When liquids dont mix but float on one another
Whats miscible liquids?
When they mix together completely
How do you seperate immiscible liquids?
Shake them together, the denser liquid sinks and other forms at top, then use a seperating funnel with a tap and allow the denser liquid out into a beaker and close tap
what seperates miscible liquids?
Fractional distillation
Whats Rf value formula?
Distance travelled by substance divided by distance travelled by substance
Two properties of metals?
- conduct heat and electricit well
- malleable, so can make different shapes
Two properties of transition metals?
- hugh melting points
- colourful components
What happens when you put lithium in water?
- the lump of lithium moves around surface slowly fizzing
- water beckma alkaline so goes purple
What happens with sodium and water?
Sodium fizzes and moves quickly, may ignite
What happens with pottasium and water?
Moves cigaroysly burns with lilac flame and explodes sometimes
What does the reaction of an alkali metal and water produce?
Hydrogen
What is an endothermic process?
Bond breaking
Whats an exothermic process?
When a bond forms
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that gives out energy shown by temperature rise
Whats an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that takes in energy and is shown by fall in temperature
What four things affect the rate of reaction?
- temperature
- concentration
- surface area
- catalyst
What does a catalyst do?
Speed up the rate of reaction
What does higher temperatures do?
Increase colisions as particles move faster
What does increased concentration do?
Increases the amount of particles so collisions are more likely
What are faster collisions caused by
Increase in temperature
Whats the yield of a reaction?
The amount of prduct a reaction should produce
