C2-1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a network of interdependent components and processes, with materials and enegy flowing from one component of the system to another.

A

System

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2
Q

This simple word represents complex assemblages of animals, plants and their environment, through which materials and energy move.

A

Ecosystem

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3
Q

When a system is in a stable balance, we say it is in what?

A

Equilibrium

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4
Q

Often there are ____ where rapid change suddenly occurs if you pass certain limits.

A

Thresholds

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5
Q

These receives inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system.

A

Open system

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6
Q

This system exchanges no energy or matter with its surroundings, but these can be rare.

A

Closed system

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7
Q

It is the flow of energy and matter into, through, and out of a system.

A

Throughput

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8
Q

Feedback loops help stabilize systems (T/F)

A

True

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9
Q

Systems doesn’t describe interactions (T/F)

A

False

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10
Q

This tends to increase a process or component.

A

Positive Feedback Loop

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11
Q

This diminishes a process or component

A

Negative Feedback Loop

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12
Q

Feedbacks can occur in countable familiar systems (T/F)

A

False (countless)

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13
Q

Matter is recycled but doesn’t disappear (T/F)

A

True

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14
Q

Everything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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15
Q

Matter exists in three distinct areas namely (3)

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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16
Q

Matter also behaves according to the principle of ____

A

Conservation of Matter

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17
Q

Matter is neither created nor destroyed but rather is ______

A

recycled over and over again

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18
Q

The First law of thermodynamics states that ___

A

energy is conserved

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19
Q

The Second law of thermodynamics states that

A

with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work.

20
Q

Green plants are often called _____

A

primary producers

21
Q

Primary producers creates carbohydrates and other compounds using just ____ (3)

A

sunlight, air and water

22
Q

Extremophiles gain their energy from _____

A

chemosynthesis

23
Q

Solar energy is essential to life for two main reasons namely:

A

Sun provides warmth

Nearly all organisms depend on solar radiation for life-sustaining energy

24
Q

It occurs in tiny organelles called chloroplasts that reside within plant cells

A

Photosynthesis

25
Of the solar radiation that does reach the earth's surface, about ___ is ultraviolet ___ is visible ___ is infrared
10% ultraviolet 45% visible 45% infrared
26
The most important key to photosynthesis is ____ which is a unique green molecule that can absorb light energy.
Chlorophyll
27
Photosynthesis begins with a series of steps called _____
light-dependent reactions
28
Steps of light-dependent reactions:
1. Enzymes split water molecules and release oxygen 2. Create ATP, NADPH which provide energy for the next set of processes 3. Enzymes extract energy from ATP and NADPH to add carbon atoms from CO2 to simple sugar molecules such as glucose which be used to provide the building blocks for larger, more complex organic molecules
29
Photosynthesis can be summarized in the following equation:
6H2O + 6CO2 + solar energy -> C6H12O6 (Sugar) + 6O2 + chlorophyll
30
This process involves splitting carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombining them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water.
Cellular respiration
31
Cellular respiration is also known as the
reverse of photosynthesis
32
Cellular respiration equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + released energy
33
refers to all organisms of the same kind that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and prouce live, fertile offspring
species
34
consists of all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time
Population
35
the populations of organisms living and interacting in a particular area
Biological community
36
composed of a biological community and its physical environment
ecosystem
37
sequence of consumption from produces through tertiary consumers is known as a
food chain
38
set of interconnected food chains by which energy and materials circulate within an ecosystem
food web
39
organism's feeding status in an ecosystem
trophic levels
40
consumes plant materials
herbivores
41
consumes plants and animal flesh
omnivores
42
consumes animals flesh
carnivorous
43
clean up dead carcasses of larger animals
scavengers
44
consume litter, debris and dung
detritivores
45
complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials
decomposer
46
each trophic level requires a great deal of ___ __ ____ _____ because energy is lost through growth, heat, respiration, and movement.
biomass at lower levels