C2-1

Question 1

is a network of interdependent components and processes, with materials and enegy flowing from one component of the system to another.

Answer 1

System

Question 2

This simple word represents complex assemblages of animals, plants and their environment, through which materials and energy move.

Answer 2

Ecosystem

Question 3

When a system is in a stable balance, we say it is in what?

Answer 3

Equilibrium

Question 4

Often there are ____ where rapid change suddenly occurs if you pass certain limits.

Answer 4

Thresholds

Question 5

These receives inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system.

Answer 5

Open system

Question 6

This system exchanges no energy or matter with its surroundings, but these can be rare.

Answer 6

Closed system

Question 7

It is the flow of energy and matter into, through, and out of a system.

Answer 7

Throughput

Question 8

Feedback loops help stabilize systems (T/F)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Systems doesn’t describe interactions (T/F)

Answer 9

False

Question 10

This tends to increase a process or component.

Answer 10

Positive Feedback Loop

Question 11

This diminishes a process or component

Answer 11

Negative Feedback Loop

Question 12

Feedbacks can occur in countable familiar systems (T/F)

Answer 12

False (countless)

Question 13

Matter is recycled but doesn’t disappear (T/F)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Everything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 14

Matter

Question 15

Matter exists in three distinct areas namely (3)

Answer 15

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 16

Matter also behaves according to the principle of ____

Answer 16

Conservation of Matter

Question 17

Matter is neither created nor destroyed but rather is ______

Answer 17

recycled over and over again

Question 18

The First law of thermodynamics states that ___

Answer 18

energy is conserved

Question 19

The Second law of thermodynamics states that

Answer 19

with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work.

Question 20

Green plants are often called _____

Answer 20

primary producers

Question 21

Primary producers creates carbohydrates and other compounds using just ____ (3)

Answer 21

sunlight, air and water

Question 22

Extremophiles gain their energy from _____

Answer 22

chemosynthesis

Question 23

Solar energy is essential to life for two main reasons namely:

Answer 23

Sun provides warmth

Nearly all organisms depend on solar radiation for life-sustaining energy

Question 24

It occurs in tiny organelles called chloroplasts that reside within plant cells

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Question 25

Of the solar radiation that does reach the earth's surface, about ___ is ultraviolet ___ is visible ___ is infrared

Answer 25

10% ultraviolet 45% visible 45% infrared

Question 26

The most important key to photosynthesis is ____ which is a unique green molecule that can absorb light energy.

Answer 26

Chlorophyll

Question 27

Photosynthesis begins with a series of steps called _____

Answer 27

light-dependent reactions

Question 28

Steps of light-dependent reactions:

Answer 28

1. Enzymes split water molecules and release oxygen 2. Create ATP, NADPH which provide energy for the next set of processes 3. Enzymes extract energy from ATP and NADPH to add carbon atoms from CO2 to simple sugar molecules such as glucose which be used to provide the building blocks for larger, more complex organic molecules

Question 29

Photosynthesis can be summarized in the following equation:

Answer 29

6H2O + 6CO2 + solar energy -> C6H12O6 (Sugar) + 6O2 + chlorophyll

Question 30

This process involves splitting carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombining them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 30

Cellular respiration

Question 31

Cellular respiration is also known as the

Answer 31

reverse of photosynthesis

Question 32

Cellular respiration equation:

Answer 32

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + released energy

Question 33

refers to all organisms of the same kind that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and prouce live, fertile offspring

Answer 33

species

Question 34

consists of all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time

Answer 34

Population

Question 35

the populations of organisms living and interacting in a particular area

Answer 35

Biological community

Question 36

composed of a biological community and its physical environment

Answer 36

ecosystem

Question 37

sequence of consumption from produces through tertiary consumers is known as a

Answer 37

food chain

Question 38

set of interconnected food chains by which energy and materials circulate within an ecosystem

Answer 38

food web

Question 39

organism's feeding status in an ecosystem

Answer 39

trophic levels

Question 40

consumes plant materials

Answer 40

herbivores

Question 41

consumes plants and animal flesh

Answer 41

omnivores

Question 42

consumes animals flesh

Answer 42

carnivorous

Question 43

clean up dead carcasses of larger animals

Answer 43

scavengers

Question 44

consume litter, debris and dung

Answer 44

detritivores

Question 45

complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials

Answer 45

decomposer

Question 46

each trophic level requires a great deal of ___ __ ____ _____ because energy is lost through growth, heat, respiration, and movement.

Answer 46

biomass at lower levels