C2-1 Flashcards
is a network of interdependent components and processes, with materials and enegy flowing from one component of the system to another.
System
This simple word represents complex assemblages of animals, plants and their environment, through which materials and energy move.
Ecosystem
When a system is in a stable balance, we say it is in what?
Equilibrium
Often there are ____ where rapid change suddenly occurs if you pass certain limits.
Thresholds
These receives inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system.
Open system
This system exchanges no energy or matter with its surroundings, but these can be rare.
Closed system
It is the flow of energy and matter into, through, and out of a system.
Throughput
Feedback loops help stabilize systems (T/F)
True
Systems doesn’t describe interactions (T/F)
False
This tends to increase a process or component.
Positive Feedback Loop
This diminishes a process or component
Negative Feedback Loop
Feedbacks can occur in countable familiar systems (T/F)
False (countless)
Matter is recycled but doesn’t disappear (T/F)
True
Everything that takes up space and has mass
Matter
Matter exists in three distinct areas namely (3)
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Matter also behaves according to the principle of ____
Conservation of Matter
Matter is neither created nor destroyed but rather is ______
recycled over and over again
The First law of thermodynamics states that ___
energy is conserved
The Second law of thermodynamics states that
with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work.
Green plants are often called _____
primary producers
Primary producers creates carbohydrates and other compounds using just ____ (3)
sunlight, air and water
Extremophiles gain their energy from _____
chemosynthesis
Solar energy is essential to life for two main reasons namely:
Sun provides warmth
Nearly all organisms depend on solar radiation for life-sustaining energy
It occurs in tiny organelles called chloroplasts that reside within plant cells
Photosynthesis
Of the solar radiation that does reach the earth’s surface, about
___ is ultraviolet
___ is visible
___ is infrared
10% ultraviolet
45% visible
45% infrared
The most important key to photosynthesis is ____ which is a unique green molecule that can absorb light energy.
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis begins with a series of steps called _____
light-dependent reactions
Steps of light-dependent reactions:
- Enzymes split water molecules and release oxygen
- Create ATP, NADPH which provide energy for the next set of processes
- Enzymes extract energy from ATP and NADPH to add carbon atoms from CO2 to simple sugar molecules such as glucose which be used to provide the building blocks for larger, more complex organic molecules
Photosynthesis can be summarized in the following equation:
6H2O + 6CO2 + solar energy -> C6H12O6 (Sugar) + 6O2 + chlorophyll
This process involves splitting carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombining them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is also known as the
reverse of photosynthesis
Cellular respiration equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + released energy
refers to all organisms of the same kind that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and prouce live, fertile offspring
species
consists of all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time
Population
the populations of organisms living and interacting in a particular area
Biological community
composed of a biological community and its physical environment
ecosystem
sequence of consumption from produces through tertiary consumers is known as a
food chain
set of interconnected food chains by which energy and materials circulate within an ecosystem
food web
organism’s feeding status in an ecosystem
trophic levels
consumes plant materials
herbivores
consumes plants and animal flesh
omnivores
consumes animals flesh
carnivorous
clean up dead carcasses of larger animals
scavengers
consume litter, debris and dung
detritivores
complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials
decomposer
each trophic level requires a great deal of ___ __ ____ _____ because energy is lost through growth, heat, respiration, and movement.
biomass at lower levels
