C1L1 psychology homeostasis and other

Question 1

What are the five basic senses?

Answer 1

1. Sight
2. Hearing
3. Smell
4. Touch
5. Taste

The senses are facilitated by specific receptors in the body.

Question 2

What are photoreceptors responsible for?

Answer 2

Sense of sight

Photoreceptors in the eyes receive light and convert it into images.

Question 3

What do auditory receptors sense?

Answer 3

Sound

Auditory receptors in the ears convert sound waves into nerve impulses for the brain.

Question 4

What is the role of chemoreceptors?

Answer 4

Sense of taste

Chemoreceptors in taste buds allow us to detect flavors such as sweetness and bitterness.

Question 5

What sense is associated with olfactory receptors?

Answer 5

Sense of smell

Olfactory receptors in the nose detect chemicals and send signals to the brain.

Question 6

What stimuli do thermoreceptors respond to?

Answer 6

Heat, cold, pressure, pain

Thermoreceptors in the skin allow us to feel touch and changes in temperature.

Question 7

What is the function of positive feedback mechanisms?

Answer 7

Amplifies or strengthens a process

Positive feedback reinforces changes, leading to an intensified response.

Question 8

Give an example of positive feedback.

Answer 8

Childbirth and blood clotting

In childbirth, uterine contractions increase until delivery.

Question 9

What is the role of negative feedback mechanisms?

Answer 9

Counteracts changes to maintain balance

Negative feedback helps restore the system to its original state.

Question 10

Provide an example of negative feedback.

Answer 10

Thermoregulation of body temperature

The body cools down through vasodilation or warms up through shivering.

Question 11

What does a positive feedback loop do?

Answer 11

Amplifies a process until it is completed

It leads to a specific outcome, such as childbirth.

Question 12

What is the function of a negative feedback loop?

Answer 12

Maintains homeostasis by returning conditions to baseline

It counteracts changes to restore equilibrium.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The sense of _______ is due to our tongue.

Answer 13

Taste

Taste is facilitated by chemoreceptors in the taste buds.

Question 14

True or False: Auditory receptors are responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer 14

False

Auditory receptors are responsible for the sense of hearing.

Question 15

What is the main function of thermoreceptors?

Answer 15

Sense of touch

They respond to heat, cold, pressure, and pain.

Question 16

What chemical is released during blood clotting?

Answer 16

A chemical that activates platelets

This initiates a cascade that leads to the formation of a clot.

Question 17

what are ethics?

Answer 17

ethics are principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity. they define what is considered right or wrong in different contexts.

Question 18

how are ethics different from morals?

Answer 18

ethics are external standards of right and wrong, influenced by society, culture, religion, or philosophy.
morals are personal beliefs of right or wrong, shaped by individual values and experiences.

Question 19

do ethics and morals always align?

Answer 19

no, sometimes they align, but at times they may contradict each other.

Question 20

what is beneficence?

Answer 20

beneficence means maximizing benefits and minimizing risks in any situation. it ensures that actions or research contribute positively, while minimizing harm.

Question 21

what does integrity in ethics mean?

Answer 21

integrity refers to the honest reporting of information and results, ensuring that data and findings are presented truthfully without manipulation or fabrication.

Question 22

what is justice in ethical terms?

Answer 22

justice means ensuring that no group faces unfair burdens and that the benefits of actions or research are distributed fairly among everyone.

Question 23

what does non-maleficence mean?

Answer 23

non-maleficence means avoiding harm or ensuring that any harm caused is not disproportionate to the benefits. it’s the principle of “do no harm.”

Question 24

how is respect defined in ethical terms?

Answer 24

respect refers to considering the intrinsic and instrumental value of living beings, treating them with dignity and valuing their well-being.

Question 25

what is voluntary participation?

Answer 25

voluntary participation ensures that no one is forced or pressured into participating. individuals must freely choose to take part in any activity or research.

Question 26

what are withdrawal rights in ethical research?

Answer 26

withdrawal rights mean that participants can cease participation at any time, without any penalties or negative consequences.

Question 27

why is confidentiality important in research?

Answer 27

confidentiality is crucial to protect the privacy, security, and personal information of participants. it ensures that their data is kept private and shared only with authorized individuals.

Question 28

what is informed consent?

Answer 28

informed consent means that participants must understand the nature, purpose, and risks of research before agreeing to take part. they must voluntarily agree to participate with full knowledge of what it entails.

Question 29

what is the first step in the ethical research process?

Answer 29

the first step is to get approval. researchers must write a proposal and submit it to an ethics board for review and approval before conducting the research.

Question 30

what is the second step in the ethical research process?

Answer 30

the second step is to find volunteers. researchers must find participants who are willing to take part in the study.

Question 31

what is a potential issue with finding volunteers?

Answer 31

volunteers may be biased, often coming from weird (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) backgrounds, which can affect the diversity of the sample.

Question 32

what happens after finding volunteers?

Answer 32

researchers must obtain informed consent from the volunteers. they must explain the risks, such as psychological harm, and the right to withdraw at any time.

Question 33

what must participants do during this step?

Answer 33

participants must sign a consent form after understanding the risks and agreeing to participate willingly.

Question 34

why is confidentiality important in the research process?

Answer 34

confidentiality ensures that personal details about the participants are kept private. researchers must avoid revealing any identifying information and protect data securely.

Question 35

what happens if a participant wants to withdraw from the study?

Answer 35

participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, even if it means the researcher has a smaller data set.

Question 36

why is this right important?

Answer 36

it ensures that participants are not pressured to continue if they are uncomfortable, protecting their autonomy and well-being.

Question 37

what are the two main nervous systems in the human body?

Answer 37

the central nervous system (cns) and the peripheral nervous system (pns).

Question 38

what does the central nervous system (cns) consist of?

Answer 38

the cns consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 39

what is the primary function of the central nervous system (cns)?

Answer 39

the cns processes information and coordinates activities, controlling thoughts, emotions, movements, and basic bodily functions.

Question 40

what does the peripheral nervous system (pns) consist of?

Answer 40

the pns consisted of nerves around the entire body.

Question 41

what is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (pns)?

Answer 41

the pns connects the cns to the rest of the body, allowing sensory input and motor output to and from tissues, organs, and muscles.