c1900-Present Flashcards
1905 Aliens Act
Only people with jobs or money could migrate to Britain.
1948 British Nationality Act
People in British colonies and former colonies were given the right to enter Britain and stay.
1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act
Those with valuable skills or who could get a job where workers were needed were able to get permission to immigrate.
1968 Commonwealth Immigrants Act
Applicants had to have been born in Britain or have parents or grandparents born there.
1981 Nationality Act
The automatic right to stay in Britain was no longer possible for non-British citizens.
Reasons for migration to Britain in 1900s
- Seeking safety from war - 160,000 Polish during WW2
- Encouragement to migrate - To help rebuild after the war
- Looking for work - Plenty of employement available
- Seeking safety from persecution - 8000 Jewish children: Kindertransport
Oswald Moseley
British Union of Fascists
Polish Resettling Act
Polish servicemen were allowed to remain in England.
Belgian Migrants WW1
- Charities found homes and 60,000 Belgians worked in Britain
- Government made it clear they were expected to leave after the War
German Migrants WW1
- Media fuelled anti-German feelings
- Called ‘Enemy Aliens’
- Male “enemy aliens” were judged based on their English
Battle of Cable Street 1936
- People blamed Jews for unemployement and the British Union of Fascists planned a march through WhiteChapel
- 100,000 people from different ethnic backgrounds came to support the Jews.
Enoch Powell
Made the ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech where he criticised immigration and called for immigrants to be sent back.
Windrush Generation 1945-1960
- Moved to Brixton and Nottinghill
- Brixton market 1950 was developed by West Indians so they could buy foods used in their home countries.
- Met with lots of racism, violence and unwelcomed.
Leicester’s Asian Community
- President Idi Amih threw out the Asian population out of Uganda.
- Migrants arrived from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and later Kenya and Uganda
- By 1981 there were nearly 60,000 Asian people in Leicester.
- The National Front targeted this place.
Asian impact on Leicester
- “The Golden Mine” lots of jewellery shops had been opened - Mela and Diwali began to be celebrated yearly
- By 2004 there were over 10,000 Asian owned businesses
The National Front was founded in…
1967
The Bristol Bus Boycott 1963
- 1955- Black and Asian people were banned from becoming bus drivers of conductors.
- 1962- West Indian Development Council was set up to combat racism and give advice.
- Guy Bailey was asked to apply for a job but he was denied when they learned he was a Caribbean immigrant
- 1963 WIDC called on the black community to boycott Bristol’s buses
- On August 1963 the company gave into pressure and scrapped the ban.
Roy Hackett
- Born in Jamaica, helped form WIDC, organise Bristol Bus Boycott and St Paul’s Festivals.
Princess Campbell
- Born in Jamaica and became Bristol’s first black ward sister. Set up United Housing Association to help black people find affordable housing.
St Paul’s Carnival
Now a one-day carnival celebrating African-Caribbean culture. The first carnival was held in 1968 to bring together the residents and local activists.
1965 Race Relations Act
Made racial discrimination unlawful in public places.
1968 Race Relations Acts
Made racial housing and employement practices illegal.
Migrant Impact on Politics and Government
- Led to the Rise of the National Front
- Increasing numbers of migrant politicians - Rishi Sunak
- Legislation that supports diversity and equality
- Murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993
- Pressure groups such as BLM
Migrant Impact on Built Environment
- Mosques and religious places of worship were opened - Rundown or damaged areas were regenerated by Migrants. - St Paul’s
Migrant Impact on Culture
- Festivals like Diwali and Eid-al-Fitr are celebrated
- Some migrant areas such as Chinatown and the GOlden mine became tourist attractions and places to visit with food and music from other countries
- British sporting success - Mo Farah, Marcus Rushford
Migrant Impact on Economy
- Migrants worked in factories and the NHS
- By 1971, 100,000 migrants were working in the textile industry
- By 1955, there were recruitement campaigns in 16 British colonies for the NHS
