C190 Flashcards
The process by which two or more species evolve in tandem by
exerting selection pressures on each other
Coevolution Event
A lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate
species.
Speciation Event
The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms. Also called phylogenesis. The evolutionary development of an organ or other part of an organism.
Phylogenetic Event
Shared trait among species
Homology Event
A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a
way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
Mutation
the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a particular variant of a gene).
Gene Flow
the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a
population due to RANDOM sampling of organisms. Ex. Earthquake or disaster.
Genetic Drift
The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits
Artificial selection
release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during
photosynthesis.
Calvin Cycle
A group of compounds that pass electron from one to another via redox reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. (Produces most ATP)
Electron Transport Train
The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars,
especially glucose, are broken down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.
Fermentation
the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized
Oxidation
DNA Storage
Nucleus
Energy Production
Mitochondrion
Lipid production or detoxification
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Protein production, in particular for export out of the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
The molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the
DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell.
Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes
Peroxisome
Protein destruction
Lysosome
the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.
Ionic bonds
also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the
sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Covalent bond
the electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences the electrostatic field of another highly electronegative atom nearby.
Hydrogen bond
Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn (H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose, and gums
Carbohydrate
A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by
peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen.
Protein
Involve energy storage, a structural component of the cell membrane, and cell signaling
Lipid
consist of either one or two long chains of repeating units called
nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogen base (a purine or pyrimidine) attached to a sugar phosphate. The two main nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.
Nucleic Acid
