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AP World History > C17&18 > Flashcards

C17&18 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which European countries backed great trading companies?

A

France England Spain and the Netherlands

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1
Q

What new economic force caused inflation in Europe in the 16th Cen.?

A

Gold and silver coming from the Americas

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2
Q

What agricultural specialities developed during the 16th century?

A

Wine
Cheese
Wool

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3
Q

What manufacturing specialities de eloped during the 16th Cen.?

A

Shoemaking
Pottery
Metalworking

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4
Q

How did the standard of living improve among commoners in Europe?

A

The colonial market stimulated manufacturing which increased prosperity

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5
Q

What factors led to limited revolts in the mid 1600s

A

There was a strong govt to out down these revolts and the witchcraft prosecutions gave protesters a scapegoat

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6
Q

Why did witchcraft persecution occur on such a large scale in Europe at this time

A

It gave angry protesters a reason and distraction for their troubles

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7
Q

Why was the scientific revolution so impactful in Europe

A

It improved intellectual life and made many illiterate ppl able to read

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8
Q

Disproved geocentric beliefs?

A

Copernicus

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9
Q

Planetary motion

A

Kepler

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10
Q

Published Copernicus’ findings and added his own on gravity

A

Galileo

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11
Q

Demonstrated the circular movement of blood in animals

A

Harvey

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12
Q

Scientific method

A

Francis bacon

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13
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Established the importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom

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14
Q

Issac Newton

A

GRAVITY

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15
Q

How did the increase of scientific knowledge lead to the concept of deism

A

People began to challenge religious beliefs and deism explained these findings

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16
Q

What was john locked premise of human nature

A

Life liberty and property-pursuit of happiness

Humans can learn everything through senses and reason

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17
Q

How did France become the model for absolute monarchy? Which king?

A

Louis XIV

Built up his power and set up bureaucracy

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18
Q

How did mercantilism play a role in European economics during the 17th and 18th centuries

A

Gained colonies to market and distribute gold and silver

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19
Q

How did Spain Prussia and Austria emulate the absolute monarchy in France

A

They set up bureaucracy and armies that answer to the king

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20
Q

How did Britain and the Netherlands differ from the trend toward absolutism?

A

They had representatives

PARLIAMENT

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21
Q

How does a nation-state differ from an empire?

A

An empire is one group controlling other groups- very diverse
A nation-state is people of the same culture

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22
Q

Why did Frederick the great an others claim to be “Enlightened” despots?

A

He is sing more tolerant of other religions. He cared about lower class, NOT TOO MUCH THOUGH

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23
Q

What was the focus of the seven years war

A

Trade in the colonies

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24
Q

What is the enlightenment? What were its impacts?

A

Intellectual movement centered in France during the 18th Cen. Scientific advances and belief that laws could describe social behavior

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25
Q

Adam smith

A

“The wealth of nations” 1776

Principles of economic behavior

26
Q

Denis Diderot

A

Leader of the French enlightenment- ENCYCLOPEDIA

27
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Argues against males about women’s political rights

28
Q

What conditions promoted a vigorous public debate about gender in the 17th century

A

The scientific revolutionary the enlightenment made people question everything they thought was correct including gender rights

29
Q

Do the new arguments about women’s suggest improving conditions?

A

Yes it does because people are questioning how thy always did things and are trying to improve

30
Q

What new products did commoners begin to buy

A

Books, made cheaper from printing press

31
Q

What new innovations came about in entertainment

A

Plays, artwork more books

32
Q

Describe some of the innovations in agriculture and manufacturing

A

Change in three field system, printing press

33
Q

How does the idea of noble savage and globalization work together

A

The strong yet fierce acts of the noble savage will lead to expansion an eventually globalization

34
Q

How did early Russian Tsars attempt to legitimize their claims to rule

A

They used bloodlines to show they descended from original founders of Russia NO PROOF

35
Q

What did they mean by third Rome?

A

They were the biggest and best like the roman and Byzantine empires

36
Q

How is Tsars attempt to invoke a divine right principle to their rule?

A

They said they had a god given right to rule much like the Mandate of Heaven in china

37
Q

How did the Tsars interact with their muslim subjects

A

They let them remain muslim as long as they kept loyal

38
Q

How did Ivan the great link himself to the memory of the Byzantine empire

A

He wanted to show how powerful Russia was he married the niece of Byzantine empower to prove his claims

39
Q

What two civilizations does stearns compare Russia to

A

Rome and Byzantine

40
Q

What year was the serfdom hereditary law enacted

A

1649

41
Q

How did Ivan the terrible attempt to centralize power

A

He set up a bureaucracy

42
Q

What was the role of the Cossacks in expanding Russia

A

They moved to the newly conquered land

43
Q

How did the early Tsars view and interact with the west

A

They were interested in the west and mimicked it

44
Q

What were the first two Romanov Tsars able to accomplish?

A

Centralized power by abolishing assemblies of nobles and expanded territory

45
Q

Who were the old believers and what happened to them

A

They were dissident religious conservatives who were exiled by Romanov dynasty

46
Q

How did peter the great see the west and how did he seek to emulate them

A

E gained interest in their science and technology and copied their ideas of a strong military and navy

47
Q

What was peter the greats governing style

A

AUTOCRATIC

48
Q

In what ways did he reform the tsarist govt

A

Becomes bureaucratic but normal people had a say

49
Q

With what two major powers did Russia go to war and what was the result

A

Ottoman Empire- no real gains

Sweden- gained territory

50
Q

In what ways did peter modify the Russian military

A

They were trained so they put down local militias, secret police

51
Q

How did peter modify the Russian economy

A

He built up metallurgical and mining industries

52
Q

How did he make the Russian culture more western and respectable

A

Peter forced nobles to shave beards and wear fashionable western clothes

53
Q

Who was left out of this westernization

A

The peasants

54
Q

What was wrong with peter the third

A

He was retarded

55
Q

How did Catherine the great ride to power

A

She became leader fully after her husband peter the third was killed

56
Q

In what ways was Catherine a westernizer

A

She selected specific areas to westernize

57
Q

What was her response to the French Revolution

A

She was scared and put down any change

58
Q

What territorial expansion occurred during Catherine the greats rein

A

Expansions in Crimea Siberia and Alaska

59
Q

How did the partition of Poland draw Russia into European affairs

A

Thy fought Napoleon

60
Q

How was serfdom unique in history

A

It was legal like slavery and they were kept on the land for generations but had protection

61
Q

What were living conditions for Russian serfs

A

Presumably horrid

62
Q

What happened in pugachevs rebellion

A

He rose up against Catherine and promised an end to serfdom and taxation and constriction

63
Q

How was the rebellion suppressed

A

Catherine had him beheaded publicly

AP World History (2 decks)

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