C12 Alkanes Flashcards
What are alkanes
Saturated Hydrocarbons
What does saturated an unsaturated mean
Saturated - No C=C bonds
Unsaturated - Has C=C bonds
What is petroleum
A mixture of mostly alkanes that can be separated through fractional distillation
Increasing chain length _ the Boiling point because…
Increases, due to more VDW
Alkanes properties include
Non polar, insoluble
Thermal Cracking temperature and pressure
1000Kelvin
7000Kpa
Catalytic cracking temperature and pressure
720kelvin
Over 100Kpa
Thermal Cracking produces
Alkane+alkenes
Catalytic cracking produces
Cycloalkanes, branched alkenes,
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Motor fules
What catalyst does catalytic cracking use
A zeolite catalyst
What is fractional distillation
Crude oil vaporised
Enters column
Condenses as it rises
Is collected in different levels
Complete combustion forms
CO2 and H2O
Incomplete combustion forms
CO/C and H2O
Engines produce pollutants such as
CO, NO, C,
Engine pollutants are removed via
catalytic converters
SO2 Causes
Pollution
SO2 is released when
Hydrocarbons with Sulfur are combusted
What is heterolytic fission
Both electrons go to one atom when a covalent bond breaks
What is homolytic fission
Both atoms get one electron when a covalent bond breaks
What is a free radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Conditions to form a free radical
UV Light+ High temperature
Initiation step for CH4 + Cl2
Cl2 -> 2Cl•
Propagation steps for CH4 +Cl2
Cl•+CH4-> •CH3+HCl
•CH3+Cl2->CH3Cl+Cl•
A termination step for CH4+Cl2
•CH3+•Cl-> CH3Cl
