c12

Question 1

Anti-personality disorder (APD)
similar to what psychological disorders?
Characteristics? PROS &CONS
Commodity?

Answer 1

Sociopathy and psychopathy (similar) (clinical no distinction)
-failure to comply with social norms
-violation of other’s rights
with reckless actions
Lack of fear of getting caught
All about what they want or can get out of a situation
A game- charming +maripulate you- then harm you
PRO: charming, manipulative
CON: deceitful, self-interest, no guilt
Commodity: 60% substance use disorder such as alcohol and drugs

Question 2

Major charateristics for APD

Answer 2

LACK OF EMPATHY and NO REMORSE

Question 3

white collar psychopaths

Answer 3

intelligent
have great interpersonal skills, powerfully persuasive and able to disguise themselves very well.

Question 4

example of a white collar psychopath

Answer 4

Bernie Madoff, mastermind of the nation’s biggest investment fraud,- the largest finical fraud- defrauded thousands of investors- cash retirement and give them a major return- forfeit 170 billion dollars- financial bankruptcy to millions, he was very convincing got away 17 years- had anti-social disorder (never remorse, never apology, benefits them in some way)

Question 5

What causes APD?

Answer 5

 Genetic influences: parents who have antisocial behavior or criminality carried to child
 Environmental/Developmental influence: harsh childhood parenting or high-conflict childhood
 Conduct disorder in childhood, especially created a “callous-unemotional” type
 Families with inconsistent parental discipline ( bi-directional relationship)
Pscyholoigcal influence: Less likely to give up when goal becomes unattainable

Question 6

Adults with antisocial personality disorder usually show symptoms of conduct disorder before the age of 15. Symptoms of conduct disorder include serious, ongoing behavior problems, such as:

Answer 6

Aggression toward people and animals.
Destruction of property.
Lying and dishonesty.
Theft.
Serious violation of rules.

Question 7

Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder include repeatedly:

Answer 7

Ignoring right and wrong.
Telling lies to take advantage of others.
Not being sensitive to or respectful of others.
Using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or pleasure.
Having a sense of superiority and being extremely opinionated.
Having problems with the law, including criminal behavior.
Being hostile, aggressive, violent or threatening to others.
Feeling no guilt about harming others.
Doing dangerous things with no regard for the safety of self or others.
Being irresponsible and failing to fulfill work or financial responsibilities.

Question 8

Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder include repeatedly:

Answer 8

Ignoring right and wrong.
Telling lies to take advantage of others.
Not being sensitive to or respectful of others.
Using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or pleasure.
Having a sense of superiority and being extremely opinionated.
Having problems with the law, including criminal behavior.
Being hostile, aggressive, violent or threatening to others.
Feeling no guilt about harming others.
Doing dangerous things with no regard for the safety of self or others.
Being irresponsible and failing to fulfill work or financial responsibilities.

Question 9

what is the course for APD

Answer 9

lifetime condition
but may decrease in destructive and criminal behavior as they age

Question 10

what are treatment options for APD

Answer 10

psychotherapy and no medications are avaliable

Question 11

common combordities with APD that could be treated with medication indirectly are for

Answer 11

substance abuse disorder, depression, anxiety, and agression

Question 12

Neurobiological theories of APD
having under arousal hypothesis:
test found for times

Answer 12

normalcy have medium arousal but APD has under arousal hypothesis: cortical arousal is too low contributes to takes risk-taking behaviors so the arousal can be raised (skin test lower reaction, lower HR, slower brain frequencies)

Question 13

Fearlesness hypothesis of APD

Answer 13

psychopaths have a higher fear threshold, or the frightening things for most people, like a burning building, or gunshots, have little effect on these individuals. It is possible there is no association with certain stimuli or cues with punishment or danger, such as an alarm going off.
a low response to danger cues fear is an innate learned behavior (pairs a stimulus with operant conditioning to learn fear
APD doesn’t show low to no fear in childhood; never develop the fear response amygdala fear part of brain deficiency

Question 14

Is there a biological intervention to develop fear in APD

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

Gray’s model:

Answer 15

-BIS is related to increased sensitivity to punishment as well as higher avoidance motivation
-inhibition signals are out weight by reward signals.
-IMBALANCE of reward and fight or flight system
-Can cause people with APD to seek risky behavior to achieve their higher bar of stimulation

Question 16

Treatment of APD

Answer 16

no meds
psychotherapy
Incarceration the only viable alternative

Question 17

Prevention is an emphasis- work with children with conduct disorders by teaching

Answer 17

pracitical consequences ( you assault, go to jail)

Question 18

BEST METHOD parenting for APD

Answer 18

Parent training using praise and privilege for good behavior and not reinforce the bad behavior and IGNORE the bad behavior

Question 19

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 19

-An intense fear of abandonment, even going to extreme measures to avoid real or imagined separation or rejection
-A pattern of unstable intense relationships, such as idealizing someone one moment and then suddenly believing the person doesn’t care enough or is cruel
-Rapid changes in self-identity and self-image that include shifting goals and values, and seeing yourself as bad or as if you don’t exist at all
-Periods of stress-related paranoia and loss of contact with reality, lasting from a few minutes to a few hours
-Impulsive and risky behavior, such as gambling, reckless driving, unsafe sex, spending sprees, binge eating or drug abuse, or sabotaging success by suddenly quitting a good job or ending a positive relationship
Suicidal threats or behavior or self-injury, often in response to fear of separation or rejection
Wide mood swings lasting from a few hours to a few days, which can include intense happiness, irritability, shame or anxiety
Ongoing feelings of emptiness
Inappropriate, intense anger, such as frequently losing your temper, being sarcastic or bitter, or having physical fights

Question 20

Self-mutilation is common with what psychological disorder?

Answer 20

Borderline personality disorder

Question 21

. Comborid disorders with Borderline personality disorder
and what suicide rate?

Answer 21

Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Substance abuse
Eating disorders
 They allow their feelings control more than their rational
HIgh SUicide rate

Question 22

Borderline personality disorder treatment
most promising treatment

Answer 22

 CBT: deal with criticism and how to respond in an appropriate manner
 30s and 40s slightly improve as they age
 Treatment: antidepressant medications provide some short term relief; mood stabilizer
 Dialectic behavior therapy is most promising treatment

Question 23

Dialectic behavior therapy for BPD

Answer 23

Mindfulness. Mindfulness teaches you to focus on the here and now by becoming aware of your thoughts, feelings, and sensations.
Interpersonal effectiveness. In this module, you learn, for example, how to communicate effectively, build and cultivate healthy relationships, and express your needs.
Emotion regulation. DBT teaches you techniques to help you understand and manage your emotions.
Distress tolerance. In this module, you learn techniques to manage overwhelming emotions or difficult situations.

Question 24

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 24

 Overly dramatic and sensational
 Sexually provocative
 Impulsive and the need to be the center of attention
 Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow (VAIN)
 Extremely uncomfortable without the limelight
 Want to be the center of the spotlight all the time
 Fishing for compliments; crave positive attention, and go out of their way to get the praise
 If someone else get the praise and then acts aggressively and angerly
 Act impulsive in order to gain attention
 Difficult controlling gratification, instant gratification for compliments

Question 25

combordities Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 25

Social relationships problems
Depression
Professional relationship problems
Anxiety

Question 25

Histrionic personality disorder treatment

Answer 25

psychotherapy Focus on attention seeking
 Targets may also include problemtatic interpersonal behaviors
Antidepressants: If depression co-occurs with the condition.
Anti anxiety drugs: If anxiety co-occurs with the condition.
Little evidence treatment works

Question 26

o Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 26

Have an unreasonably high sense of self-importance and require constant, excessive admiration.
Feel that they deserve privileges and special treatment.
Expect to be recognized as superior even without achievements.
Make achievements and talents seem bigger than they are.
Be preoccupied with fantasies about success, power, brilliance, beauty or the perfect mate.
Believe they are superior to others and can only spend time with or be understood by equally special people.
Be critical of and look down on people they feel are not important.
Expect special favors and expect other people to do what they want without questioning them.
Take advantage of others to get what they want.
Have an inability or unwillingness to recognize the needs and feelings of others.
Be envious of others and believe others envy them.
Behave in an arrogant way, brag a lot and come across as conceited.
Insist on having the best of everything — for instance, the best car or office.

AT THE SAME TIME
people with narcissistic personality disorder have trouble handling anything they view as criticism. They can:

Become impatient or angry when they don’t receive special recognition or treatment.
Have major problems interacting with others and easily feel slighted.
React with rage or contempt and try to belittle other people to make themselves appear superior.
Have difficulty managing their emotions and behavior.
Experience major problems dealing with stress and adapting to change.
Withdraw from or avoid situations in which they might fail.
Feel depressed and moody because they fall short of perfection.
Have secret feelings of insecurity, shame, humiliation and fear of being exposed as a failure.

Question 27

o Narcissistic personality disorder treatment

Answer 27

no meds
Psychotherapy
Narcissistic personality disorder treatment is centered around psychotherapy. Psychotherapy can help you:

Learn to relate better with others so your relationships are closer, more enjoyable and more rewarding.
Understand the causes of your emotions and what drives you to compete, to distrust others, and to dislike others and possibly yourself.
The focus is to help you accept responsibility and learn to

Accept and maintain real personal relationships and work together with co-workers.
Recognize and accept your actual abilities, skills and potential so you can tolerate criticism or failures.
Increase your ability to understand and manage your feelings.
Understand and learn how to handle issues related to your self-esteem.
Learn to set and accept goals that you can reach instead of wanting goals that are not realistic.

Question 28

avoidant personality disorder

Answer 28

Avoiding work, social, or school activities for fear of criticism or rejection. It may feel as if you are frequently unwelcome in social situations, even when that is not the case. This is because people with avoidant personality disorder have a low threshold for criticism and often imagine themselves to be inferior to others.
 Intune with criticisms and harsh to themselves.
 Highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships
 Anxious and fearful of rejection
 LOW self-esteem
Self-isolation
chronic feelings of inadequacy and are highly sensitive to being negatively judged by others. Though they would like to interact with others, they tend to avoid social interaction due to the intense fear of being rejected by others.

Question 29

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Answer 29

› Characteristic: anxious and fearful
› Avoidant
› Dependent
› Obsessive-compulsive

Question 30

treatment for avoidant personality disorder

Answer 30

psychotherapy focuses on overcoming fears, changing thought processes and behaviors, and helping the person better cope with social situations. Medication — such as an antidepressant or anti-anxiety drug — might be used to help manage the anxiety felt by people with this disorder. For the best results, however, medication therapy should be done in combination with psychotherapy.

Question 31

difference btw avoidant personality disorder and paronid persnality disorder

Answer 31

pernoid personality disorder did not want a friend or relationships while avoidant personality disorder want relationships but are so scared and they justify and likely to continue to avoid and work on social skills.

Question 32

causes for avodiant personality disorder

Answer 32

it’s believed that both genetics and environment play a role. It’s also believed that avoidant personality disorder may be passed down in families through genes, but this hasn’t yet been proven. Environmental factors, particularly in childhood, do play an important role. Shyness, often normal in young children, lasts into adolescents and adulthood in those with avoidant personality disorder. Those with the disorder often report past experiences of parental or peer rejection, which can impact a person’s self-esteem and sense of worth.

Question 33

o Dependent personality disorder (5 of these)

Answer 33

All-consuming, unrealistic fear of being abandoned.
Anxious or helpless feelings when alone.
Inability to manage life responsibilities without seeking help from others.
Problems stating an opinion out of fear of loss of support or approval.
Strong drive to get support from others, even choosing to do unenjoyable things to get it.
Trouble making everyday decisions without input or reassurance from others.
Trouble starting or completing projects because of a lack of self-confidence or ability to make decisions.
Urge to seek a new relationship to provide support and approval when a close relationship ends.

Question 34

treatment for DPD

Answer 34

With psychotherapy and CBT, your provider guides you to improve your self-confidence. You’ll work to become more active and self-reliant. Your provider will also talk to you about finding more positive relationships. A positive, meaningful relationship can build self-confidence and help you overcome some of the symptoms of DPD.
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE bc trying to people please the therpaist

Question 35

DPD combordities

Answer 35

depression and anxiety. Without treatment, a person may misuse substances and develop problems such as drug addiction or alcoholism. Without treatment, people are more likely to stay in unhealthy or abusive relationships.

Question 36

What causes dependent personality disorder (DPD)?
Mental health experts haven’t figured out what causes DPD. They believe it results from a mix of genetics, environment and development. Experts have found DPD is more likely in people with particular life experiences, including:

Answer 36

Abusive relationships: People who have a history of abusive relationships have a higher risk of a DPD diagnosis.
Childhood trauma: Children who have experienced child abuse (including verbal abuse) or neglect may develop DPD. It may also affect people who experienced a life-threatening illness during childhood.
Family history: Someone with a family member who has DPD or another anxiety disorder may be more likely to have a DPD diagnosis.
Certain cultural and religious or family behaviors: Some people may develop DPD due to cultural or religious practices that emphasize reliance on authority. But passivity or politeness alone is not a sign of DPD.

Question 37

o Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer 37

 Excessive and rigid fixation on doing things the right way
 Highly perfectionistic, orderly, and emotionally shallow
 Unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong
 Difficulty spontaneity
 Often have interpersonal problems
 Obsessions and compulsions are rare
 They want to plan it all out
 Not a ritualistic way but it is “ MY WAY OR THE HIGHWAY”

Question 38

are obessions and compulsions common with obessive perosnality disorder

Answer 38

Obsessions and compulsions are rare

Question 39

causes of OPD

Question 40

causes of OPD

Question 41

causes of OCPD

Answer 41

People are also more likely to have OCPD if they have biological family members with personality disorders, anxiety or depression.
Childhood trauma: One study revealed a link between childhood traumas, such as child abuse, and the development of personality disorders.

Question 41

treatment for of OPD

Answer 41

 Treatment; little data on treatment
Address fear related to the need for orderliness
 Target rumination, procrastination, and feelings of inadequacy
Psychodynamic or psyhotherapy therapy: This type of therapy focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering. Through self-reflection and self-examination, the person undergoing therapy looks into problematic relationships and behavior patterns in their life to better understand themselves and change how they relate to other people and their environment.

Question 42

comboridites with OCPD

Answer 42

Anxiety disorders (24%), such as panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.
Mood disorders (24%), such as bipolar disorder.
Mild to moderate substance use disorders (12% to 25%).

Question 43

Schizotypal personality disorder typically includes five or more of these signs and symptoms:

Answer 43

Being a loner and lacking close friends outside of the immediate family
Flat emotions or limited or inappropriate emotional responses
Persistent and excessive social anxiety
Incorrect interpretation of events, such as a feeling that something that is actually harmless or inoffensive has a direct personal meaning
Peculiar, eccentric or unusual thinking, beliefs or mannerisms
Suspicious or paranoid thoughts and constant doubts about the loyalty of others
Belief in special powers, such as mental telepathy or superstitions
Unusual perceptions, such as sensing an absent person’s presence or having illusions
Dressing in peculiar ways, such as appearing unkempt or wearing oddly matched clothes
Peculiar style of speech, such as vague or unusual patterns of speaking, or rambling oddly during conversations

Question 44

Schizotypal personality disorder vs. schizophrenia

Answer 44

Schizotypal personality disorder can easily be confused with schizophrenia, a severe mental illness in which people lose contact with reality (psychosis). While people with schizotypal personality disorder may experience brief psychotic episodes with delusions or hallucinations, the episodes are not as frequent, prolonged or intense as in schizophrenia.

Another key distinction is that people with schizotypal personality disorder usually can be made aware of the difference between their distorted ideas and reality. Those with schizophrenia generally can’t be swayed away from their delusions.

Question 45

Schizotypal personality disorder vs. schizophrenia

Answer 45

Schizotypal personality disorder can easily be confused with schizophrenia, a severe mental illness in which people lose contact with reality (psychosis). While people with schizotypal personality disorder may experience brief psychotic episodes with delusions or hallucinations, the episodes are not as frequent, prolonged or intense as in schizophrenia.

Another key distinction is that people with schizotypal personality disorder usually can be made aware of the difference between their distorted ideas and reality. Those with schizophrenia generally can’t be swayed away from their delusions.

Question 46

People with schizotypal personality disorder are at an increased risk of:

Answer 46

Depression
Anxiety
Other personality disorders
Schizophrenia
Temporary psychotic episodes, usually in response to stress
Problems with alcohol or drugs
Suicide attempts
Work, school, relationship and social problems

Question 47

Treatment for schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 47

psychotherapy and medication for depression and anxiety

Psychotherapy may help people with schizotypal personality disorder begin to trust others and learn coping skills by building a trusting relationship with a therapist.

Psychotherapy may include:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy — Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns, learning specific social skills, and modifying problem behaviors
Supportive therapy — Offering encouragement and fostering adaptive skills
Family therapy — Involving family members, which may help improve communication, trust and the ability to work together in the home