C1.1 The Particle Model Flashcards
Solid
A state of matter where particles are closely packed in fixed positions, vibrating in place.
Liquid
A state of matter where particles are close together but can move past each other, allowing the substance to flow.
Gas
A state of matter where particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.
Melting
The process where a solid absorbs heat and turns into a liquid as particles gain enough energy to move past each other.
Freezing
The process where a liquid loses heat, causing its particles to slow down and arrange into a fixed structure, forming a solid.
Evaporation
The process where particles on the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to escape as a gas, typically occurring below the boiling point.
Boiling
A rapid state change from liquid to gas throughout the liquid, occurring when the liquid reaches its boiling point.
Condensation
The process where gas particles lose energy and move closer together to form a liquid.
Sublimation
A direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state, as particles gain sufficient energy to break free from the solid structure.
Deposition
The reverse of sublimation, where a gas changes directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first, as particles lose energy rapidly.
Diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Particle Model
A scientific model that explains the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
forces
Limitation 1
The model doesn’t show the forces of attraction between particles.
shape
Limitation 2
The model assumes particles are uniform spheres and doesn’t represent their actual size or shape.
movement
Limitation 3
It simplifies the movement of particles, not accounting for the variety of speeds in real gases or liquids.
