C1.1 The Fundamental Ideas in Chemistry

Question 1

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 1

0

Question 2

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 2

+1

Question 3

What is the relative charge of a electron?

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

What feature of an atom determines what type of atom it is?

Answer 4

The number of protons in its nucleus.

Question 5

What is an element?

Answer 5

A substance that only contains one type of atom.

Question 6

Approximately how many elements are there?

Answer 6

There are about 100 elements.

Question 7

Neon is an element. How many different types of atom does neon contain?

Answer 7

One type of atom.

Question 8

An atom of silver contains 47 protons. How many electrons does an atom of silver contain?

Answer 8

47

Question 9

An atom of selenium contains 34 electrons. How many protons does an atom of selenium contain?

Answer 9

34

Question 10

A particle contains 17 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons. What is the total charge of the nucleus?

Answer 10

+17

Question 11

A particle contains 17 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons. What is the total charge on the particle?

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

A particle contains 17 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons. Is the particle an atom? Explain your answer.

Answer 12

No because the particle has an overall charge.

Question 13

What is another name for an electron shell?

Answer 13

An energy level.

Question 14

How many electrons can go into the first electron shell?

Answer 14

2 electrons

Question 15

How many electrons can go in the second electron shell?

Answer 15

8 electrons

Question 16

How many electrons can go into the third electron shell?

Answer 16

8 electrons

Question 17

Which electron shell fills with electrons first?

Answer 17

The one closest to the nucleus.

Question 18

What is an ion?

Answer 18

An ion is a charged particle.

Question 19

Do metal atoms form positive ions or negative ions?

Answer 19

Positive ions.

Question 20

Do non-metal atoms form positive ions or negative ions?

Answer 20

Negative ions.

Question 21

If a compound is formed from a metal and non-metal, what type of bonding will be present in the compound?

Answer 21

Ionic bonding.

Question 22

What type of bonding holds the atoms in a molecule together?

Answer 22

Covalent bonding.

Question 23

The formula of carbon monoxide is CO. What atoms are in a molecule of carbon monoxide?

Answer 23

One carbon atom and one oxygen atom.

Question 24

The formula of nitric acid is HNO3. What atoms are in a molecule of nitric acid?

Answer 24

One hydrogen atom one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms.

Question 25

Will oxygen lose or gain electrons to form ions?

Answer 25

Oxygen will gain electrons to form ions

Question 26

Magnesium oxide is made from the reaction between magnesium and oxygen. What type of bonding exists in magnesium oxide?

Answer 26

Ionic bonding.

Question 27

Copper sulfate and iron react to form iron sulfate and copper. What substances are the products in this reaction?

Answer 27

Iron sulfate and copper.

Question 28

Copper sulfate and iron react to form iron sulfate and copper. What substances are the reactants in this reaction?

Answer 28

Copper sulfate and iron.

Question 29

127g of copper reacts with 32g of oxygen to form copper oxide. What is the mass of copper oxide formed?

Answer 29

127g + 32g = 159g

Question 30

N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 is the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia. 56g of nitrogen is used in the reaction. 68g of ammonia is formed. What is the mass of hydrogen that reacts?

Answer 30

68g - 56g = 12g

Question 31

What information does an atomic number give you?

Answer 31

The number of protons in an atom.

Question 32

What information does a mass number give you?

Answer 32

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 33

Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?

Answer 33

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shells.

Question 34

How many electrons do Group 1 elements have in their outer shell?

Answer 34

1

Question 35

Why are Group 0 elements unreactive?

Answer 35

They have a stable arrangement of electrons / a full outer shell.

Question 36

What is another name for Group 0 elements?

Answer 36

Noble gases.

Question 37

Carbon and oxygen are both (non-metals / metals / noble gases).

Answer 37

Non-metals.

Question 38

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are both (elements / compounds / noble gases).

Answer 38

Compounds.

Question 39

Using the symbol equation, 2CO + O2 -> 2CO2, describe the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen in terms of the number of molecules of each substance involved. (3)

Answer 39

Two molecules of carbon monoxide (1 mark) react with one molecule of oxygen (1 mark) to form two molecules of carbon dioxide. (1 mark)

Question 40

Name the type of bonding that exists within hydrogen (H2).

Answer 40

Covalent bonding.

Question 41

The reaction of aluminium and bromine is similar to the reaction of aluminium and chlorine. Explain why. (2)

Answer 41

Chlorine and bromine have the same number of electrons, 7, in their outer shell (1 mark) so react in a similar way. (1 mark)

Question 42

Aluminium does not react with argon. Explain why not. (2)

Answer 42

Argon is a noble gas (1 mark). This means it has a full outer shell of electrons/ stable arrangement of electrons so it is unreactive (1 mark).