C11 polymers Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Small molecule, usually containing a C=C bond, that can join end to end with other monomers to form a polymer molecule.
What is addition polymerisation?
Chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers (small molecules) join together by addition reactions to produce a polymer (long molecule).
What is a polymer
A large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules known as monomers.
How is the repeating unit shown in addition polymers
Bracketed the same as one of its monomer
How to model an addition polymer?
It is too difficult to model a complete addition polymer molecule, as it contains many
atoms. Instead, we show the structure of its repeating unit, the part that is repeated many times. To deduce the structure of a polymer from the monomer:
Draw the structure of the monomer but use C–C instead of C=C.
Draw brackets around the structure with a long bond passing through each one.
Equations use repeating units to model addition polymerisation reactions. The letter n stands for a large number.
What is condensation polymers?
Chemical reaction in which monomers (small molecules) join together to produce a polymer and a small molecule such as water
What is the equation to make a polymer?
a diol +dicarboxylic acid-> polyester + water
Give an example of a condensation polymerisation reaction?
For example, ethane diol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) can react with butanedioic acid (HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH):
n HO-CH2-CH2-OH + n HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH → (-CH2-CH2-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-)n + 2n H2O
basically the -oh on both ends the dicarboxylic acid gets removed and the -H gets removed on both ends of the diol
OH+H->H20
What are some polymerisation reactions in nature that involve sugar?
glucose –> cellulose/ polysaccharides + water
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What 2 functional groups do the amino acids have?
-NH2 (amine group)
-COOH (carboxylic acid group)
How do amino acids react in condensation polymerisation reactions to form proteins?
The carboxylic acid end reacts with the amine end as amine is bases and acid and bases react
How to make a polyamide like nylon?
a ‘dicarboxylic acid’ which contains two carboxylic acid groups, -COOH
a ‘diamine’ which contains two amino groups, -NH2
dicarboxylic acid +diamine-> polyamide+ water
basically the -OH from carboxylic acid is removed and the -H is removed from the amine
What is a peptide?
A peptide is a short chain of amino acids (typically 2 to 50) linked by chemical bonds
What is a polypeptide?
A longer chain of linked amino acids (51 or more) is a polypeptide
