C1.1 Particle Model Flashcards
What are particles?
A tiny bit of matter
What is the particle model?
describes how particles are arranged and how they move in a solid, liquid and gas
Arrangement of particles in a solid
regular lattice arrangement
Arrangement of particles in a liquid
random - free to move past each other but tend to stick together
Arrangement of particles in a gas
random - free moving
Relative distance between particles in a solid
very close
Relative distance between particles in a liquid
close
Relative distance between particles in a gas
far apart
Main movement of particles in a solid
Vibrate about a fixed point
Main movement of particles in a liquid
move around eachother
Main movement of particles in a gas
move quickly in all directions
What substances cannot be compressed/squashed? and why?
Solid and liquid because there is no space for the particles to move into
Describe the nature of a solid? (refer to shape and fluidity) and why?
Has a fixed shape and cannot flow
TIB particles vibrate around a fixed point and cannot move from place to place
What is a physical change?
when a substance changes state or shape, or breaks into pieces, reversible change
- example - dissolving sugar in water
What is a chemical change?
a change that produces one or more new substances, irreversible change
- example - cooking (egg), steel rusting and an acid reacting with an alkali to make salt and water
What happens to particles when a change of state occurs?
its particles stay the same but the arrangement and movement changes
- example - when ice cube melts to make liquid water its particles start to move around each other instead of being in fixed positions
What happens to particles when a chemical change occurs?
particles break up and the join together in different ways - new substance is the product
how big is an atom?
10^-10 cm
what is the diameter of an atom?
6.2x10^-11
what are the forces between particles?
electrostatic forces of attraction between + and - charges.
get weaker further apart particles are
strongest in solids, weakest in gases
limitations of particle model, what does it not take into account?
- forces between particles
- size of particles
- space between particles
what is diffusion?
movement of particles from high to low concentration
when is IDE used?
if only 2 elements are present - e.g. calcium oxide
when is ATE used?
if oxygen is present as a third element - e.g. instead of copper nitrogen oxygen it becomes copper nitrate
do online balancing equation practice
