C11: Myscle tissue Flashcards
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
The main function of muscle tissue is to produce movement.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary.
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines?
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines.
Which type of muscle tissue is only found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart.
What is a sarcomere?
A sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction.
What is the primary characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue?
The primary characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue is its ability to contract quickly and forcefully.
True or False: Cardiac muscle tissue is both striated and involuntary.
True
What is the role of smooth muscle tissue in the body?
The role of smooth muscle tissue is to control the movement of substances within internal organs.
What is the function of tendons in relation to muscle tissue?
Tendons connect muscle tissue to bones, allowing for movement.
What is the main protein found in muscle tissue that allows for contraction?
The main protein found in muscle tissue that allows for contraction is actin and myosin.
Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle cell.
A skeletal muscle cell is long and cylindrical with multiple nuclei and striations.
What is the purpose of satellite cells in muscle tissue?
Satellite cells help repair and regenerate muscle tissue after injury.
What is the neuromuscular junction?
The neuromuscular junction is the point where a motor neuron meets a muscle cell, allowing for muscle contraction.
What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
Calcium ions trigger muscle contraction by binding to troponin.
What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?
Isotonic contractions involve muscle lengthening or shortening, while isometric contractions involve muscle tension without movement.
What is the sliding filament theory?
The sliding filament theory explains how muscle contraction occurs by overlapping actin and myosin filaments.
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size due to increased muscle fiber size.
What are the benefits of regular resistance training on muscle tissue?
Regular resistance training can increase muscle strength, endurance, and mass.
What is the role of myoglobin in muscle tissue?
Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle tissue, allowing for sustained muscle contractions.
What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue generate ATP for energy?
Muscle tissue generates ATP through aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, and creatine phosphate breakdown.
What is the role of motor units in muscle tissue?
Motor units consist of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls, allowing for coordinated muscle contractions.
What is the significance of the all-or-none principle in muscle contraction?
The all-or-none principle states that a muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all in response to a stimulus.
What are the consequences of muscle atrophy?
Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness, decreased muscle mass, and reduced functional capacity.
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions?
Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening, while eccentric contractions involve muscle lengthening.
What is the role of actin and myosin in muscle contraction?
Actin and myosin interact to create cross-bridges and generate force during muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue contribute to body temperature regulation?
Muscle tissue generates heat during contraction, contributing to body temperature regulation.
What is the function of muscle tissue in maintaining posture and body position?
Muscle tissue contracts to support and stabilize the body, maintaining posture and body position.
What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Tropomyosin blocks myosin binding sites on actin until calcium ions trigger muscle contraction.
What is the significance of the H zone in muscle tissue?
The H zone is the central region of the A band where only myosin filaments are present.
How does muscle tissue adapt to endurance training?
Muscle tissue adapts to endurance training by increasing the number of mitochondria and improving oxygen delivery.
What is the function of the Z line in muscle tissue?
The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere.
Describe the role of titin in muscle tissue.
Titin is a protein that provides elasticity and stabilizes the position of myosin filaments in muscle tissue.
What is the role of the M line in muscle tissue?
The M line anchors myosin filaments in the center of a sarcomere.
How does muscle tissue contribute to joint stability?
Muscle tissue contracts to support and stabilize joints, contributing to joint stability.
What is the significance of the A band in muscle tissue?
The A band contains both actin and myosin filaments and remains constant in length during muscle contraction.
What is the role of the motor end plate in muscle tissue?
The motor end plate is the region of the muscle cell membrane where a motor neuron transmits signals for muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue contribute to metabolic function?
Muscle tissue plays a role in metabolism by utilizing energy substrates for muscle contraction and contributing to energy expenditure.
What is the purpose of the T tubules in muscle cells?
The T tubules transmit action potentials deep into the muscle cell, triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?
Troponin binds calcium ions and initiates the movement of tropomyosin, allowing myosin to bind to actin during muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue contribute to overall body strength?
Muscle tissue generates force through contraction, contributing to overall body strength.
What is the function of the I band in muscle tissue?
The I band contains only actin filaments and shortens during muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue adapt to strength training?
Muscle tissue adapts to strength training by increasing muscle fiber size and strength.
What is the role of the Huxley sliding filament model in muscle contraction?
The Huxley sliding filament model describes the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction involving actin and myosin filaments.
Describe the role of creatine phosphate in muscle tissue.
Creatine phosphate provides a rapid source of ATP for immediate energy needs during muscle contraction.
What is the purpose of the cross-bridge cycle in muscle contraction?
The cross-bridge cycle involves the repeated attachment and detachment of myosin heads to actin filaments, generating force during muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue contribute to movement and locomotion?
Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement and locomotion by exerting force on bones.
What is the function of the M line in muscle tissue?
The M line anchors myosin filaments in the center of a sarcomere.
What is the significance of the Z line in muscle tissue?
The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere.
Describe the role of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction.
Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers muscle contraction by binding to troponin and initiating the sliding filament mechanism.
What is the function of the titin protein in muscle tissue?
Titin provides elasticity to muscle tissue and stabilizes the position of myosin filaments during muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue contribute to balance and coordination?
Muscle tissue contracts to maintain balance and coordination by stabilizing joints and controlling movement.
What is the role of the T tubules in muscle cells?
The T tubules transmit action potentials deep into the muscle cell, triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What is the purpose of the neuromuscular junction in muscle contraction?
The neuromuscular junction is the site where a motor neuron signals a muscle cell to contract, initiating muscle contraction.
How does muscle tissue adapt to changes in workload?
Muscle tissue adapts to changes in workload by adjusting muscle fiber size, strength, and endurance.
What is the role of the myosin head in muscle contraction?
The myosin head binds to actin filaments and undergoes a conformational change to generate force during muscle contraction.
Describe the role of the Z line in muscle tissue.
The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere, allowing for the attachment of myosin filaments.
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction, regulating the availability of calcium for muscle function.
How does muscle tissue contribute to overall body metabolism?
Muscle tissue contributes to overall body metabolism by utilizing energy substrates for muscle contraction and affecting energy expenditure.
What is the significance of the H zone in muscle tissue?
The H zone is the central region of the A band where only myosin filaments are present, allowing for the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.
What is the role of the motor end plate in muscle contraction?
The motor end plate is the region of the muscle cell membrane where a motor neuron releases neurotransmitters to initiate muscle contraction.
What is the main function of skeletal muscle tissue?
To produce movement and maintain posture.
True or false: Skeletal muscle tissue is striated.
True.
What is the basic structural unit of skeletal muscle tissue?
The muscle fiber or muscle cell.
Fill in the blank: Skeletal muscle tissue is under ________ control.
Voluntary.
What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers?
Endomysium.
What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers?
Perimysium.
What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle?
Epimysium.
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?
The sarcomere.
What are the two main proteins found in sarcomeres?
Actin and myosin.
What is the role of actin in muscle contraction?
To form thin filaments that slide past thick filaments (myosin) during contraction.
What is the role of myosin in muscle contraction?
To form thick filaments that interact with actin during contraction.
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine.
What is the name of the motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates?
Motor unit.
What is the term for the brief contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a single action potential?
Twitch.
What is the term for the sustained contraction of a muscle over a period of time?
Tetanus.
What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
What is the name of the phenomenon where muscle fibers increase in size in response to repeated stimulation?
Hypertrophy.
What is the name of the phenomenon where muscle fibers decrease in size due to disuse?
Atrophy.
What is the term for the connective tissue that surrounds multiple muscle fascicles?
Perimysium.
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?
Sarcomere.
