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anaphy > C11: Myscle tissue > Flashcards

C11: Myscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

A

The main function of muscle tissue is to produce movement.

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2
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

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3
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary.

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4
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines?

A

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines.

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5
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is only found in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart.

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6
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

A sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction.

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7
Q

What is the primary characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

The primary characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue is its ability to contract quickly and forcefully.

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8
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle tissue is both striated and involuntary.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the role of smooth muscle tissue in the body?

A

The role of smooth muscle tissue is to control the movement of substances within internal organs.

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10
Q

What is the function of tendons in relation to muscle tissue?

A

Tendons connect muscle tissue to bones, allowing for movement.

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11
Q

What is the main protein found in muscle tissue that allows for contraction?

A

The main protein found in muscle tissue that allows for contraction is actin and myosin.

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12
Q

Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle cell.

A

A skeletal muscle cell is long and cylindrical with multiple nuclei and striations.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of satellite cells in muscle tissue?

A

Satellite cells help repair and regenerate muscle tissue after injury.

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14
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

The neuromuscular junction is the point where a motor neuron meets a muscle cell, allowing for muscle contraction.

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15
Q

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

A

Calcium ions trigger muscle contraction by binding to troponin.

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16
Q

What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

A

Isotonic contractions involve muscle lengthening or shortening, while isometric contractions involve muscle tension without movement.

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17
Q

What is the sliding filament theory?

A

The sliding filament theory explains how muscle contraction occurs by overlapping actin and myosin filaments.

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18
Q

What is muscle hypertrophy?

A

Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size due to increased muscle fiber size.

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19
Q

What are the benefits of regular resistance training on muscle tissue?

A

Regular resistance training can increase muscle strength, endurance, and mass.

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20
Q

What is the role of myoglobin in muscle tissue?

A

Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle tissue, allowing for sustained muscle contractions.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction.

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22
Q

How does muscle tissue generate ATP for energy?

A

Muscle tissue generates ATP through aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, and creatine phosphate breakdown.

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23
Q

What is the role of motor units in muscle tissue?

A

Motor units consist of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls, allowing for coordinated muscle contractions.

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24
Q

What is the significance of the all-or-none principle in muscle contraction?

A

The all-or-none principle states that a muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all in response to a stimulus.

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25
Q

What are the consequences of muscle atrophy?

A

Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness, decreased muscle mass, and reduced functional capacity.

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26
Q

What is the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions?

A

Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening, while eccentric contractions involve muscle lengthening.

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27
Q

What is the role of actin and myosin in muscle contraction?

A

Actin and myosin interact to create cross-bridges and generate force during muscle contraction.

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28
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to body temperature regulation?

A

Muscle tissue generates heat during contraction, contributing to body temperature regulation.

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29
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue in maintaining posture and body position?

A

Muscle tissue contracts to support and stabilize the body, maintaining posture and body position.

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30
Q

What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

A

Tropomyosin blocks myosin binding sites on actin until calcium ions trigger muscle contraction.

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31
Q

What is the significance of the H zone in muscle tissue?

A

The H zone is the central region of the A band where only myosin filaments are present.

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32
Q

How does muscle tissue adapt to endurance training?

A

Muscle tissue adapts to endurance training by increasing the number of mitochondria and improving oxygen delivery.

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33
Q

What is the function of the Z line in muscle tissue?

A

The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere.

34
Q

Describe the role of titin in muscle tissue.

A

Titin is a protein that provides elasticity and stabilizes the position of myosin filaments in muscle tissue.

35
Q

What is the role of the M line in muscle tissue?

A

The M line anchors myosin filaments in the center of a sarcomere.

36
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to joint stability?

A

Muscle tissue contracts to support and stabilize joints, contributing to joint stability.

37
Q

What is the significance of the A band in muscle tissue?

A

The A band contains both actin and myosin filaments and remains constant in length during muscle contraction.

38
Q

What is the role of the motor end plate in muscle tissue?

A

The motor end plate is the region of the muscle cell membrane where a motor neuron transmits signals for muscle contraction.

39
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to metabolic function?

A

Muscle tissue plays a role in metabolism by utilizing energy substrates for muscle contraction and contributing to energy expenditure.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the T tubules in muscle cells?

A

The T tubules transmit action potentials deep into the muscle cell, triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

41
Q

What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?

A

Troponin binds calcium ions and initiates the movement of tropomyosin, allowing myosin to bind to actin during muscle contraction.

42
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to overall body strength?

A

Muscle tissue generates force through contraction, contributing to overall body strength.

43
Q

What is the function of the I band in muscle tissue?

A

The I band contains only actin filaments and shortens during muscle contraction.

44
Q

How does muscle tissue adapt to strength training?

A

Muscle tissue adapts to strength training by increasing muscle fiber size and strength.

45
Q

What is the role of the Huxley sliding filament model in muscle contraction?

A

The Huxley sliding filament model describes the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction involving actin and myosin filaments.

46
Q

Describe the role of creatine phosphate in muscle tissue.

A

Creatine phosphate provides a rapid source of ATP for immediate energy needs during muscle contraction.

47
Q

What is the purpose of the cross-bridge cycle in muscle contraction?

A

The cross-bridge cycle involves the repeated attachment and detachment of myosin heads to actin filaments, generating force during muscle contraction.

48
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to movement and locomotion?

A

Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement and locomotion by exerting force on bones.

49
Q

What is the function of the M line in muscle tissue?

A

The M line anchors myosin filaments in the center of a sarcomere.

50
Q

What is the significance of the Z line in muscle tissue?

A

The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere.

51
Q

Describe the role of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction.

A

Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers muscle contraction by binding to troponin and initiating the sliding filament mechanism.

52
Q

What is the function of the titin protein in muscle tissue?

A

Titin provides elasticity to muscle tissue and stabilizes the position of myosin filaments during muscle contraction.

53
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to balance and coordination?

A

Muscle tissue contracts to maintain balance and coordination by stabilizing joints and controlling movement.

54
Q

What is the role of the T tubules in muscle cells?

A

The T tubules transmit action potentials deep into the muscle cell, triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

55
Q

What is the purpose of the neuromuscular junction in muscle contraction?

A

The neuromuscular junction is the site where a motor neuron signals a muscle cell to contract, initiating muscle contraction.

56
Q

How does muscle tissue adapt to changes in workload?

A

Muscle tissue adapts to changes in workload by adjusting muscle fiber size, strength, and endurance.

57
Q

What is the role of the myosin head in muscle contraction?

A

The myosin head binds to actin filaments and undergoes a conformational change to generate force during muscle contraction.

58
Q

Describe the role of the Z line in muscle tissue.

A

The Z line anchors actin filaments and defines the boundaries of a sarcomere, allowing for the attachment of myosin filaments.

59
Q

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction, regulating the availability of calcium for muscle function.

60
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to overall body metabolism?

A

Muscle tissue contributes to overall body metabolism by utilizing energy substrates for muscle contraction and affecting energy expenditure.

61
Q

What is the significance of the H zone in muscle tissue?

A

The H zone is the central region of the A band where only myosin filaments are present, allowing for the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.

62
Q

What is the role of the motor end plate in muscle contraction?

A

The motor end plate is the region of the muscle cell membrane where a motor neuron releases neurotransmitters to initiate muscle contraction.

63
Q

What is the main function of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

To produce movement and maintain posture.

64
Q

True or false: Skeletal muscle tissue is striated.

A

True.

65
Q

What is the basic structural unit of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

The muscle fiber or muscle cell.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: Skeletal muscle tissue is under ________ control.

A

Voluntary.

67
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers?

A

Endomysium.

68
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers?

A

Perimysium.

69
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle?

A

Epimysium.

70
Q

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?

A

The sarcomere.

71
Q

What are the two main proteins found in sarcomeres?

A

Actin and myosin.

72
Q

What is the role of actin in muscle contraction?

A

To form thin filaments that slide past thick filaments (myosin) during contraction.

73
Q

What is the role of myosin in muscle contraction?

A

To form thick filaments that interact with actin during contraction.

74
Q

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction?

A

Acetylcholine.

75
Q

What is the name of the motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates?

A

Motor unit.

76
Q

What is the term for the brief contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a single action potential?

A

Twitch.

77
Q

What is the term for the sustained contraction of a muscle over a period of time?

A

Tetanus.

78
Q

What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

79
Q

What is the name of the phenomenon where muscle fibers increase in size in response to repeated stimulation?

A

Hypertrophy.

80
Q

What is the name of the phenomenon where muscle fibers decrease in size due to disuse?

A

Atrophy.

81
Q

What is the term for the connective tissue that surrounds multiple muscle fascicles?

A

Perimysium.

82
Q

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?

A

Sarcomere.

anaphy (1 decks)

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