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Chemistry - C1 > C1.1 Fundamental ideas about chemistry > Flashcards

C1.1 Fundamental ideas about chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made up of 1 sort of atom

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2
Q

How many different elements are there?

A

over 100

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3
Q

Where are the elements shown?

A

in the periodic table

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4
Q

What do groups in the periodic table contain?

A

elements with similar properties as the elements all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

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5
Q

Atoms of each element are represented by a …

A

chemical symbol

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6
Q

What does ‘O’represent

A

an atom of Oxygen

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7
Q

What does ‘Na’ represent?

A

An atom of Sodium

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8
Q

Describe the structure of an atom

A

small central nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons

Around there are electrons in shells

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9
Q

What are the relative electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons?

A

proton +1

Neutron 0

Electron -1

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10
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

Atoms have no overall electric charge

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11
Q

In an atom the number of electrons is equal to..

A

The number of protons

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12
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom of an element

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13
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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14
Q

What do electrons occupy?

A

Shells

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15
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1st shell?

A

2

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16
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd and 3rd shells?

A

8

17
Q

What are elements in group 0 called?

A

nobel gases

18
Q

Why are nobel gases unreactive?

A

their atoms have stable arrangements in electrons. - full outer shell

19
Q

Describe covalent bonding

A

When nonmetals share an electron to fill up its outer shell.

This forms a molecule

20
Q

Describe ionic bonding

A

between a metal and nonmetal. metal atom loses an electron to have a full shell, forming a positive ion and the nonmetal gains this electron to have a full outer shell, forming a negative ion. The opposite charges of the ions means that they’re strongly attracted to each other.

21
Q

Describe the conservation of mass

A

no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.

22
Q

All substances are made out of…

A

atoms

23
Q

Name the two sub-atomic particles in a nucleus of an atom

A

protons

neutrons

24
Q

Why is there on overall charge of an atom?

A

because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

25
Q

Why does aluminium react with iron oxide?

A

because it is more reactive than iron

aluminium displaces the iron so aluminium oxide is formed

26
Q

Compounds formed when non-metals react with metals consist of particles called……..

A

ions

27
Q

Compounds formed from only non-metals consist of particles called

A

molecules

Chemistry - C1 (7 decks)

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