C1.1 Fundamental ideas about chemistry

Question 1

What is an element

Answer 1

A substance made up of 1 sort of atom

Question 2

How many different elements are there?

Answer 2

over 100

Question 3

Where are the elements shown?

Answer 3

in the periodic table

Question 4

What do groups in the periodic table contain?

Answer 4

elements with similar properties as the elements all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Question 5

Atoms of each element are represented by a …

Answer 5

chemical symbol

Question 6

What does ‘O’represent

Answer 6

an atom of Oxygen

Question 7

What does ‘Na’ represent?

Answer 7

An atom of Sodium

Question 8

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 8

small central nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons

Around there are electrons in shells

Question 9

What are the relative electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons?

Answer 9

proton +1

Neutron 0

Electron -1

Question 10

What is the charge of an atom?

Answer 10

Atoms have no overall electric charge

Question 11

In an atom the number of electrons is equal to..

Answer 11

The number of protons

Question 12

What is the atomic number?

Answer 12

The number of protons in an atom of an element

Question 13

What is the mass number?

Answer 13

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 14

What do electrons occupy?

Answer 14

Shells

Question 15

What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1st shell?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What is the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd and 3rd shells?

Answer 16

8

Question 17

What are elements in group 0 called?

Answer 17

nobel gases

Question 18

Why are nobel gases unreactive?

Answer 18

their atoms have stable arrangements in electrons. - full outer shell

Question 19

Describe covalent bonding

Answer 19

When nonmetals share an electron to fill up its outer shell.

This forms a molecule

Question 20

Describe ionic bonding

Answer 20

between a metal and nonmetal. metal atom loses an electron to have a full shell, forming a positive ion and the nonmetal gains this electron to have a full outer shell, forming a negative ion. The opposite charges of the ions means that they’re strongly attracted to each other.

Question 21

Describe the conservation of mass

Answer 21

no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.

Question 22

All substances are made out of…

Answer 22

atoms

Question 23

Name the two sub-atomic particles in a nucleus of an atom

Answer 23

protons

neutrons

Question 24

Why is there on overall charge of an atom?

Answer 24

because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

Question 25

Why does aluminium react with iron oxide?

Answer 25

because it is more reactive than iron aluminium displaces the iron so aluminium oxide is formed

Question 26

Compounds formed when non-metals react with metals consist of particles called........

Answer 26

ions

Question 27

Compounds formed from only non-metals consist of particles called

Answer 27

molecules