C1.1 Fundamental ideas

Question 1

Define element

Answer 1

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 2

How many different elements appear on the periodic table?

Answer 2

100

Question 3

What do columns on the periodic table contain?

Answer 3

Groups of elements with similar properties

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

More than one atom joined together

Question 5

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 5

They have a small central nucleus made up of protons and neutrons around which there are electrons

Question 6

What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?

Answer 6

• 1 - Positive

Question 7

What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?

Answer 7

• 1 - 0 (no charge)

Question 8

What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?

Answer 8

• 0.001 - Negative

Question 9

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 9

Because the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

Question 10

Define ‘atomic number’

Answer 10

The number of protons/electrons

Question 11

Define ‘mass number’

Answer 11

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 12

How are electrons arranged around the nucleus?

Answer 12

Electrons fill up energy levels (or shells) around the nucleus, starting from the lowest energy level (or innermost available shell)

Question 13

What do all elements in groups in the periodic table have in common?

Answer 13

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (or energy level) giving them similar chemical properties)

Question 14

How do group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 14

They react to form an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas

Question 15

How do group 1 metals react with oxygen?

Answer 15

They react to form oxides

Question 16

What are group 0 elements known as?

Answer 16

The noble gases

Question 17

Why are the nobles gases energetically stable and unreactive?

Answer 17

They have a full outer shell

Question 18

What are three ways in which atoms react with other atoms to form compounds?

Answer 18

• Losing electrons - Gaining electrons - Sharing electrons

Question 19

What do compounds formed from metals and non-metals consist of?

Answer 19

Ions

Question 20

What do compounds formed only from non-metals consist of?

Answer 20

Molecules held together by covalent bonds

Question 21

Describe ionic bonding.

Answer 21

• Its between a metal and non-metal - The metal loses an electron, becoming a positive ion - The non-metal gains this electron, becoming a negative ion - These positive and negative ions are then attracted to each other

Question 22

Describe covalent bonding

Answer 22

• Its between two non-metals - Their two outer shells overlap - They share a pair of electrons

Question 23

Why is the mass of the products the same as the mass of the reactants?

Answer 23

No atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction

Question 24

Define ‘compound’

Answer 24

A substance made from two or more elements that have reacted chemically with each other with different properties from the elements that made it.