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Chemistry > C1.1 - Fundamental Ideas > Flashcards

C1.1 - Fundamental Ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

What substances, and about how many, are shown in the periodic table?

A

About 100 elements.

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2
Q

What are elements made from?

A

One type of atom.

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3
Q

What are used to represent atoms?

A

Chemical symbols.

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4
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

They have similar properties.

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5
Q

What do compounds contain?

A

More than one element.

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6
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom made from?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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7
Q

What charges do the three major subatomic particles have?

A
  • Protons (+1)
  • Neutrons (0)
  • Electrons (-1)
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8
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

They have the same number of protons and electrons.

Their charges cancel each other out.

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9
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

A

They are arranged by their atomic numbers.

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11
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The total number of particles in the nucleus.

Protons + Neutrons = Mass Number

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12
Q

How are energy levels represented?

A

As electron shells.

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13
Q

What does the group show, on the periodic table?

A

How many electrons are in the outer energy level (electron shell) in an atom.

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14
Q

What is special about the noble gases?

A

They have very stable arrangements of electrons.
The outer shell is full of electrons.
This makes the noble gases unreactive.

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15
Q

Between what types of elements is an ionic bond formed?

A

A metal and a non-metal.

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16
Q

What happens in an ionic bond?

A
  • Metal elements lose one of more electrons to form positive ions.
  • Non-metal elements gain electrons to form negative ions.
  • These ions attract strongly to each other, to make an ionic bond.
17
Q

What does the chemical formula of an ionic compound tell us?

A
  • The simplest ratio of ions in the compound.

- NaCl shows that sodium chloride is made from equal numbers of sodium ions and chloride ions.

18
Q

Between what types of elements is a covalent bond formed?

A

Two non-metals.

19
Q

What does the chemical formula of a covalent compound tell us?

A

The number of atoms in the molecule.

H₂O shows that a water molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

20
Q

How are covalent bonds shown?

A

As line between the atoms that are bonded together.

21
Q

What is special about the mass of products and reactants?

A

They are equal.

Mass of products = Mass of reactants

22
Q

Balance these symbol equations:
Ca + O₂ → CaO
Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂
CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

A

The correct answers are:
2Ca + O₂ → 2CaO
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Chemistry (7 decks)

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