C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism SL

Question 1

Enzymes are catalysts which…

Answer 1

speed up the reaction but are itself unchanged by the reaction

Question 2

Enzymes are __ proteins composed of __

Answer 2

globular proteins, one or more polypeptides

Question 3

The 3D structure of enzymes is affected by changes in? (2)

Answer 3

temperature, pH

Question 4

What is metabolism?

Answer 4

Set of life sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms

Question 5

What is the role of enzymes in metabolism?

Answer 5

The reactions that allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain structures and respond to environments, are catalysed by enzymes

Question 6

Subdivisions of metabolism (2)

Answer 6

Anabolism (build up) and Catabolism (break down)

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

Building up (protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, synthesis of complex carbohydrates)

Question 8

Catabolism

Answer 8

Breaking down (digestion of food, cell respiration)

Question 9

Both types of metabolic reactions happen through…

Answer 9

a series of enzyme-mediated steps called METABOLIC PATHWAYS

Question 10

The use of active site in enzymes

Answer 10

A substrate is locked into the active site –> reaction is catalysed –> products are released and the enzyme is reused

Question 11

Induced-fit binding

Answer 11

The active site of an enzyme binds to a specific substrate, the shape of the active site and substrate fit in

Question 12

Molecular motion in liquids and substrate-active site collisions

Answer 12

Molecules packed closely together but free to move -> contains both substrate and enzyme molecules, they will come together (rate can be increased with temperature) -> substrates are smaller and move faster

Question 13

Denaturation of enzymes

Answer 13

Enzymes are proteins, pH and temperature can change their structure –> if shape of the active site is changed considerably, enzyme will not function