C11 Energy Changes [Paper 1] Flashcards
What is an exothermic energy transfer?
Transfer to the surroundings
What is an endothermic energy transfer?
Transfer from the surroundings
What is a reaction profile?
Diagram showing how the energy changes in a reaction
What is the activation energy?
Minimum amount of energy required before a collision will result in a reaction
What is bond energy?
The energy required to break a bond or the energy released when a bond is formed
In terms of bond breaking and making, what is an exothermic reaction?
Less energy is required to break the bonds then it released when making the bonds
In terms of bond breaking and making, what is an endothermic reaction?
More energy is required to break the bonds than is released when making the bonds
How are chemical cells made?
Connect to different metals (electrodes) in a solution (electrolyte)
What is a battery?
Two or more chemical cells connected in series
How does the potential difference of a cell depend on the metals that the electrodes are made of?
The bigger the difference in reactivity, the greater the potential difference
How can some cells be recharged?
By applying an external current
Why can some cells not be recharged?
The reaction cannot be reversed
What is a fuel cell?
So that uses a fuel and oxygen to generate electricity
In the hydrogen fuel cell, what is the overall reaction?
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) —> 2H2O (l)
In the alkaline hydrogen fuel cells, what are the half equations?
2H2 (g) + 4OH- (aq) —> 4H2O (l) + 4e-
O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) + 4e- —> 4OH- (aq)
Give an advantage of the hydrogen fuel cell
Only product is water, do not need to be electrically recharged
Give a disadvantage of the hydrogen fuel cell
Hydrogen is flammable, difficult to store and is often produced from non-renewable sources
