C11

Question 1

what is polythene poly(ethene)

Answer 1

made from ethene
useful plastic as it is strong and easy to shape
transparent except when artifically coloured
eg carrier bags, drink bottles, cling film

Question 2

what is polypropene

Answer 2

strong tough plastic used to make carpet, milk crates, and ropes

Question 3

what is addition polymerisation

Answer 3

when monomers join together

Question 4

how do monomers join together

Answer 4

when the double covalent bond betwen 2 carbon atoms in an alkene opens up and forms a single covalent bond so that thousands of molecules can join together end to end

Question 5

how is an addition polymer formed

Answer 5

many alkene monomers split their double covalent bonds to make a single covalent bond so they can join together and form a polymer

Question 6

what is condensation polymerisation

Answer 6

2 products are formed, one being the polymer and then another small molecule normally either H20 or HCL

Question 7

what is the difference between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation

Answer 7

addition: one product, monomers used are of the same alkene
condensation: 2 products, often 2 different monomers used.each will have a different functional group at its end so it is important that these functional groups react together so long polymer chains can form

Question 8

what is the general equation for making a polyester

Answer 8

diol + dicarboxylic acid = polyester + water

Question 9

how are polyesters formed

Answer 9

condensation polymerisation of a diol and a dicarboxylic acid with H2O given off in the reaction

Question 10

what are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 10

compounds made up of molecules containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 11

what are monosaccharides

Answer 11

sugars that can act as monomers to make polymers called polysaccharides

Question 12

how is sucrose made

Answer 12

from a glucose and sucrose molecules bonded together via a condensation reaction where H2O is lost when making the link

Question 13

what is cellulose made up of

Answer 13

10,000 glucose monomers in straight lines meaning they can line up straight to each other forming stronger intermolecular bonds between the polymer chains

Question 14

how is protein made

Answer 14

condensation polymerisation of amino acid monomers also forming water

Question 15

what are the 2 functional groups of amino acids

Answer 15

basic (amine group -NH2) and 
acidic group ( carboxylic acid group -COOH) 
these react together (as acids and bases react together) during condensation polymerisation to form polypeptides and proteins made of long sequenes of different monomers

Question 16

how is dna made

Answer 16

by the condensation polymerisation of nucleotides which produces dna and water so dna is a polynucleotide

Question 17

what is a dna molecule made up of

Answer 17

2 polymer strands with sugars bonded to phosphate groups intertwined into a double helix