C10 Using resources Flashcards
What does NPK stand for
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
4 benefits of NPK fertilisers
Widley availible
Faster rate of groth
Can control concentration of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium
Doesn’t smell
Formulation
Useful mixture with a particular purpose with precisely measured quantities of substances in it
What is the best source of nitrogen and why
Amonium nitrate. As it contains nitrogen in cation form and anion form.
Explain each of the 2 ways amonium nitrate can be produced
Industrially
In giant vats at high concentrations resulting in a very exothermic reaction. The heat released is used to evaporate water from the mixture to make a highly concentrated product
In the lab
At a much smaller scale by titration and crystillisation. The reactants are at a much lower concentration. So less heat is produced and its safer for a person to carry out. The mixture then needs to be crystallised to give pure amonium nitrate crystals. Crystillisation is very slow
Word and symbol equation to make amonium nitrate
Ammonia + Nitric Acid -> Amonium nitrate
NH3 + HNO3 -> NH4NO3
What is a source of potassium and phosphate
Potassium chloride
Phosphate rock
Why cant phosphate be used in rock form and what must be done to solve this
As it is an insoluble substance it cannot be absorbed by plants. So must be reacted with acids to produce soluble phosphates. For example phosphate rock and phosphoric acid produces triple superphosphate.
Definition
Finite
Renewable
Natural resources
Finite- A resource that cannot be replaced once it has been used
Renewable- A resource that we can replace once used up
Natural- Formed without human impact
Explanation
Phytomining
Plants are grown in soil containing copper ions.
Plants absorb copper through roots and builds up in leaves.
Plants are harvested, dried and burnt.
Oxygen reacts with copper creating copper oxide. Ash contains soluble copper compounds.
Electrolysis or a displacement reaction is used to extract copper.
Explanation
Bioleaching
Bacteria absorbs copper compounds.Bacteria produce soluble leachate solutions that contain copper. The leachate (waste) solution is extracted from copper via displacement or electrolysis.
Why do methods like phytomining and bioleaching exist
As copper is running out
High demand
Very small amount of high grade ores left
Definiton
Ceramic
Composite
Polymers
Ceramics-Non metal solids with high melting compounds that arent made from carbon based compounds.
Composite-Are fibres of a certain material embbeded in a matrix
Polymer- A long chain of monomers
Explain the 2 types of ceramics
Clay cermaics- When soft clay is fired at high temperatures it hardens.
Glass ceramics- There is soda lime glass which is a mixture of limestone sand and sodium carbonate.
Borosilicate glass has a higher melting point. Made in same way using mixture of sand and boron trioxide.
2 examples of composites
Fibreglass consits of fibres of glass embedded in a polymer matrix. Has a low density but very strong. Used for surfboards.
Wood is a natural composite of celluose fibres held together in an organic polymer matrix
2 examples of polymers
Thermosoftening polymers comtain individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between the chains. You can melt these plastics and remould them.
Thermosetting polymers contain monomers that can form cross links between the polymer chains holding the chains together in a solid structure. They become hard strong and rigid when heated.
Sustainable development
Using resources to meet the needs of people today without preventing people in the future from meeting their needs.
