c10 using resources

Question 1

finite resources

Answer 1

those of which there is a limited supply e.g. coal, oil, gas

Question 2

how is crude oil made

Answer 2

through fractional distillation and cracking to produce useful materials such as petrol, diesel and kerosene

Question 3

renewable resources

Answer 3

will not run out in the near future because the reserves of these resources are high e.g. solar, wind, hydropoer

Question 4

what do we use the earth’s natural resources for

Answer 4

warmth, shelter, food, clothing and transport

Question 5

what do we use technological advances

Answer 5

in agriculture and industrial processes to provide food and other products that meet the growing needs of the human population

Question 6

haber process

Answer 6

allowed the synthetic production of fertilisers and this enabled intensive farming methods

Question 7

potable water

Answer 7

water safe drink, but is not pure

Question 8

pure

Answer 8

something that contains only a single type of material

Question 9

what must potable water contain

Answer 9

low levels of microbes and salts for it to be deemed safe to consume

Question 10

what does distillation involve

Answer 10

heating sea water until boiling point, then evaporation. The steam then cools, condenses and the salt is left behind

Question 11

down side of distillation

Answer 11

energy cost of boiling water and cooling down the steam

Question 12

what does reverse osmosis involve

Answer 12

forcing water through a membrane at high pressure. Each membrane has tiny holes within it that only allow water molecules to pass through

Question 13

disadvantage of reverse osmosis

Answer 13

requires large amounts of wastewater and requires the use of expensive membranes, efficiency is very small

Question 14

pollutants in water

Answer 14

such as humans waste containing high levels of harmful bacteria and nitrogen compounds which can be dangerous to aquatic organisms

Question 15

step 1 for water treatment

Answer 15

the water must be screened, where materials such as branches, twigs and grit is removed

Question 16

step 2 for water treatment

Answer 16

the water undergoes sedimentation; wastewater is placed in a settlement tank, heavier solids sink to the bottom and form sludge whilst lighter effluent floats to the surface

Question 17

step 3 for water treatment

Answer 17

effluent is then transferred when organic matter undergoes aerobic digestion, the sludge undergoes anaerobic digestion

Question 18

stage 1 for life cycle assessments

Answer 18

extracting the raw materials needed to make products and then processing them

Question 19

stage 2 for life cycle assessments

Answer 19

manufacturing and packaging the product

Question 20

stage 3 for life cycle assessments

Answer 20

use the product during its life time

Question 21

stage 4 for life cycle assessments

Answer 21

disposal at the end of a products life

Question 22

types of disposal

Answer 22

landfill- product is put in a hole in the ground
incineration- burning of the product
recycling

Question 23

disadvantages of comparative life cycle assessments

Answer 23

some parts of it require certain judgements to be made

Question 24

elaborate on recycling

Answer 24

many materials are made from natural resources that have limited supplies. Reusing items that only need washing and sterilising saves energy and reduces the environmental impact

Question 25

advantages of recycling materials

Answer 25

• fewer resources such as mine are needed to remove raw, finite resources
• crude oil doesn’t need to be extracted, avoiding high energy costs
  -amount of greenhouse gases reduced

Question 26

disadvantages of recycling

Answer 26

• requires collection and transport of goods, involving staff, vehicles and fuel
  -some materials can be hard to sort