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AQA GCSE Triple Chemistry > C10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

C10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

D. Functional group?

A

an atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions (eg. carbon double bond)

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2
Q

D. Homologous series?

A

a group of related organic compounds that have the same functional group

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3
Q

General formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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4
Q

Why do alkenes burn with a smokier, yellow flame, and release less energy per mole in combustion compared to alkanes?

A

because there is incomplete combustion

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5
Q

Reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes?

A

alkenes are far more reactive

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6
Q

Test for alkenes?

A

turns orange bromine water colourless

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7
Q

How do alkenes react with hydrogen, halogens and steam?

A

by adding molecules across the carbon-carbon double bond, and forming a saturates molecule

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8
Q

Word equation for complete combustion of ethene?

A

ethene + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

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9
Q

Product formed when pentene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

A

pentane

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10
Q

Product formed when ethene reacts with steam in the presence of a catalyst?

A

ethanol

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11
Q

3 main homologous series we look at?

A

alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids

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12
Q

Functional group for carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH

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13
Q

Functional group for esters?

A

replace H in -COOH group with a hydrocarbon, eg -CH3 or -C2H5

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14
Q

Functional group for alcohols?

A

-OH

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15
Q

Uses of alcohols?

A

solvents, fuels, drinks

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16
Q

D. Fermentation?

A

The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide

17
Q

E. Complete combustion of ethanol?

A

ethanol + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

18
Q

Reaction of ethanol with sodium?

A

sodium effervesces (gives off bubbles of gas), produces hydrogen gas and gets smaller as it forms sodium ethoxide solution

19
Q

E. Reaction of sodium and ethanol?

A

sodium + ethanol –> sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

20
Q

E. Oxidation of ethanol?

A

ethanol + oxygen atoms from oxidising agent –> ethanoic acid + water

21
Q

How can ethanol be oxidised?

A

by chemical oxidising agents or by action of microbes in the air

22
Q

pH value of carboxylic acid solutions?

A

less then 7

23
Q

Carboxylic acids are: strong or weak?

A

weak

24
Q

How are esters made?

A

reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of s strong acid catalyst

25
Q

Uses of esters?

A

flavourings and perfumes

26
Q

E. Forming an ester? (general)

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ (acid catalyst) ester + water

27
Q

alkene + hydrogen = ….

what conditions?

A

alkanes

nickel catalyst, 60 degrees

28
Q

alkenes + water = ….
name of reaction
catalyst?

A

alcohols
hydration
hot phosphoric acid

29
Q

alkenes + halogen = ….

A

haloalkane

30
Q

ethanol + oxidising agent = …

name of reaction?

A

ethanoic acid + water

oxidisation

31
Q

carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ …

catalyst?

A

ester + water

acid catalyst

AQA GCSE Triple Chemistry (11 decks)

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