C10 Metals Flashcards
Describe the general physical properties of metals as solids
High Melting & Boiling points, good electrical,malleable
Why can metals conduct heat and electricity?
Sea of delocalised electrons
carbon used as a method of extraction
any element under carbon in the reactivity series => carbon can be combusted to create carbon dioxide or monoxide to further reduce the compound.
What is an alloy?
A mixture of a metal with another metal/non-metal substance (e.g steel)
Explain why alloys are stronger than pure metals
The atoms with different sizes disrupt the regular arrangement of metal and this prevents the metal layers from sliding over each other.
iron => hematite
C + O2 → CO2
C + CO2 → 2CO
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
removing impurities (slag) from hematite
CaCO3
aluminium extraction from bauxite
use of electrolysis
List the reactivity series
potassium, sodium,
calcium, magnesium, aluminium, (carbon), zinc,
iron, (hydrogen) and copper
What is a displacement
When a less reactive metal is replaced by a more reactive metal in a compound
From water, steam, and dilute hydrochloric acid, what would have the most vigorous reaction with metal from the reactivity series
Dilute hydrochloric acid
What is metallic bonding?
It is a lattice of positive ions and electrons from a sea of delocalised electrons where they can move around freely.
why is electrolysis used to extract aluminium from bauxite?
Aluminium is further up the reactivity series than carbon => cannot extract using carbon (no displacement reaction)
If Sodium has a reaction with water and magnesium doesn’t have any reaction with water, which metal is at a higher reactivity series
Sodium
Differences between mild steel and high carbon steel
High carbon contains more carbon which makes it harder than mild steel.
Example usage of mild steel
Car body
Example usage of high carbon steel
cutting tools
Relate the method of extraction of a metal from its ore to its position in the reactivity series for the metals listed in section C10.2 and for other metals
extraction of metals that are under carbon => use carbon to displace
extraction of metals above carbon => use of electrolysis to use cathodes and anodes to separate the cations and anions of the compound
Metal ores are…?
limited in quantity/ scarce/ finite resources
metal ores are better to be…?
recycled => energy input for recycling metals are significantly less than the energy input of displacing metals from its ores
Cations are?
A positively charged ion
Anions are?
A negatively charged ion
uses of aluminium
e.g aircraft parts because its tensile strength (high) and low density (not heavy and provides lift)
e.g food containers since its resistance to corrosion (layer of AlO)
Why is potassium more reactive than sodium
Because potassium has to lose electrons further away compared to sodium
Describe and explain the apparent unreactivity
of aluminium in terms of the oxide layer which
adheres to the metal
aluminium has a layer of aluminium oxide => resistance to corrosion since AlO is relatively inert
State the uses of mild steel and stainless steel
e.g car bodies and machinery for mild steel => high demand products, unnecessary to use expensive material
e.g chemical plants and cutlery for stainless steel => low demand products, cutlery for corrosion prevention
