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MY GCSE CHEMISTRY > C10 > Flashcards

C10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Are a homologous series of compounds that all have ‘COOH’ as a functional group

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2
Q

Alkenes are

A

Hydrocarbons which have a double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain

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3
Q

The C=C double bond means that alkenes have two

A

Fewer hydrogens compared with alkanes containing the same number of carbon atoms. This makes them unsaturated

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4
Q

The C=C double bond can open up to make a single bond,

A

Allowing the two carbon atoms to bond with other atoms. This makes alkenes reactive - more than alkanes

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5
Q

General formula for alkenes =

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

Ethene

A

C2H4

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7
Q

Propene

A

C3H6

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8
Q

Butene

A

C4H8

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9
Q

Pentene

A

C5H10

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10
Q

Alkenes burn with a

A

Smokeh flame

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11
Q

In a large amount of oxygen, alkenes

A

Combust completelt to produce only water and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

There isn’t enough oxygen in the air for complete combustion of alkenes, so when you burn rhem theycrene to undergo

A

Uncomplete combustion. Carbon dioxude and water still produced, but you can also get carbon and carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas

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13
Q

Alkene + oxygen ———–>

A

Carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

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14
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

Results in a smoky yellow flame and less energy being releaased compared to complete combustion of the same compound

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15
Q

A functional group is a

A

Group if atoms in a molecule that determine how that molecuke typically reacts.

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16
Q

All alkenes have the functional group

A

C=C, so they all react in similar ways. Alkenes react via addition reactions. So the carbon-carbon doubke bond will open up to leave a singke bond and a new atom is added to each carbon

17
Q

Addition of hydrogen is known as hydrogenation:

A

Hydrogen can react with the double-bonded carbons to open up the double bond and form the eauivalent, saturated, alkane

18
Q

Steam can react with alkenes to form

A

Alcohols

19
Q

When alkenes react with steam, water us added across the doubke bond and an

A

Alcohol is formsd

20
Q

The conversion of ethene to ethanol is one way of making ethanol

A

Industrially.
After the reaction has taken place, the reaction mixture is passed from the reactor into a condenser.
Ethanol and water have a higher boiling point than ethene, so both condense whilst any unreacted ethene gas is recycled back into the reactor.
The alcohol can then be purified from the mixture by fractional distillation

21
Q

Explain how halogens can react with alkenes

A

Alkenes will also react in addition reactions with halogens such as bromine, chlorine and iodine.
The molecules formed are saturated, with the C=C carbons each becoming bonded to a halogen atom

22
Q

When orange bromine water is added to a saturated compound, like an alkane

A

No reaction will happen and it’ll stay bright orange

23
Q

If orange bromine water is added to an alkene the bromine will add

A

Across the double bond, making a colourless compound - becoming decolourised.

24
Q

Carboxylic acids end in

A

Anoic acid

25
Q

Carboxylic acids react with carbonates to produce

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide

26
Q

The salts formed from those reactions with carboxylic acids end in .

A

Anoate

27
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

Dissolve in water. When they do, they ionise and realse H+ ions resulting in an acidic solution. They don’t ionise completely, they just form weak acidic solutions. Means that they have a higher ph than aqueous solution of strong acids with the same concentration

28
Q

Esters have a functional group

A

‘COO’

29
Q

Esters are formed from

A

alcohol and a carboxylic acid

30
Q

Esters are formed using usually a

A

Acid catalyst

31
Q

Alcohol + carboxylic acid

A

Ester + water

MY GCSE CHEMISTRY (7 decks)

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