C1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Electron
A tiny particle with a negative charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus in atoms or ions.
Compound
A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
Atom
The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element.
Group
All the elements in each column down the periodic table.
Nucleus
The very small and dense central part of an atom which contains protons and neutrons.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom.
Neutron
A dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton
A tiny positive particle found inside the nucleus of an atom.
Mass Number
The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Electronic Structure
A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shells.
She’ll
An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found.
Ionic bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
Covalent Bond
The attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.
Reactant
A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place.
Product
A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction.
Limewater
The common name for calcium hydroxide solution.
Calcium Carbonate
The main compound found in limestone.
Thermal Decompostion
The breakdown of a compound by heat.
Cement
A building material made by heating limestone and clay.
Concrete
A building material made by mixing cement, sand and aggregate with water.
Calcium Oxide
A white solid made by heating limestone strongly.
Calcium Hydroxide
A white solid made by reacting calcium oxide with water.
Mortar
A building material used to bind bricks together.
Reduction
A reaction in which oxygen is removed.
Reactivity Series
A list of elements in order of their reactivity.
Ore
Rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract.
Alloy
A mixture of metals.
Cast Iron
Impure iron taken directly from blast furnace.
Stainless Steel
A chromium-nickel alloy of steel.
Steel
An iron alloy containing small amounts of carbon or other metals.
Blast Furnace
Huge reaction vessels used in industry to extract iron from its ore.
Aluminium
A low density, corrosion resistant metal used in many alloys.
Titanium
A shiny, corrosion resistant metal used to make alloys.
Copper-Rich Ore
Rock that contains a high proportion of a copper compound.
Smelting
Heating a metal ore in order to extract its metals.
Phytomining
The process of extraction of metals from ores using plants.
Bioleaching
Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms.
Displace
When one element takes the place of another in a compound.
Transition Metal
Element from central block of the periodic table.
Mixture
When some elements/compounds are mixed together but don’t react together.
Fraction
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil.
Alkane
Saturated carbon with the formula:
C(n)H(2n+2)
Distillation
Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensing.
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Saturated Carbon
A hydrocarbon that contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flowing.
Flammable
Easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly.
Fractional Distillation
A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids.
Incomplete Combustion
When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide.
Oxidised
A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance.
Particulate
Small solid particle given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of its fuel.
Carbon Monoxide
A toxic gas whose formula is CO.
Sulphur Dioxide
A toxic gas which causes acid rain and has the formula SO(2)
Nitrogen Oxide
Gaseous pollutants given off from motor vehicles and a cause of acid rain.
Global Dimming
The reflection of sunlight by tiny solid particles in the air.
Global Warming
The increasing average temperature of the Earth.
Biodiesel
Fuel made from plant oils for cars.
Biofuel
Fuel made from animal or plant products.
Cracking
Reaction used to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.
Alkene
Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond. It has a formula of C(n)H(2n)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Double Bond
A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons.
Polymer
Substance made from very large molecules made up of many repeating units.
Monomer
Small reactive molecules that react together in repeated sequences to form a very large molecule.
Polymerisation
The reaction of monomers to make a polymer.
Ethene
An alkene with the formula C(2)H(4)
Propene
An alkene with the formula C(3)H(6)
Shape-Memory Polymer
Polymers that change back to their original shape when the temperature or other conditions are changed.
Smart Polymer
Polymers that change in response to their environment.
Biodegradable
Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms.
Fermentation
The reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Vegetable Oil
Oil extracted from plants.
Unsaturated Oil
Plant oil whose molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Hydrogenated Oil
Oil which has had hydrogen added to reduce the degree of unsaturation in the hardening process to make margarine.
Hardening
The process of reacting plant oils with hydrogen to raise their melting point.
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
