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Chemistry > C1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

C1 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Electron

A

A tiny particle with a negative charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus in atoms or ions.

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2
Q

Compound

A

A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

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3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element.

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4
Q

Group

A

All the elements in each column down the periodic table.

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The very small and dense central part of an atom which contains protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in an atom.

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7
Q

Neutron

A

A dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

Proton

A

A tiny positive particle found inside the nucleus of an atom.

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9
Q

Mass Number

A

The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

Electronic Structure

A

A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shells.

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11
Q

She’ll

A

An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found.

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12
Q

Ionic bond

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

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13
Q

Covalent Bond

A

The attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.

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14
Q

Reactant

A

A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place.

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15
Q

Product

A

A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction.

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16
Q

Limewater

A

The common name for calcium hydroxide solution.

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17
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

The main compound found in limestone.

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18
Q

Thermal Decompostion

A

The breakdown of a compound by heat.

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19
Q

Cement

A

A building material made by heating limestone and clay.

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20
Q

Concrete

A

A building material made by mixing cement, sand and aggregate with water.

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21
Q

Calcium Oxide

A

A white solid made by heating limestone strongly.

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22
Q

Calcium Hydroxide

A

A white solid made by reacting calcium oxide with water.

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23
Q

Mortar

A

A building material used to bind bricks together.

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24
Q

Reduction

A

A reaction in which oxygen is removed.

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25
Q

Reactivity Series

A

A list of elements in order of their reactivity.

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26
Q

Ore

A

Rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract.

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27
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of metals.

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28
Q

Cast Iron

A

Impure iron taken directly from blast furnace.

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29
Q

Stainless Steel

A

A chromium-nickel alloy of steel.

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30
Q

Steel

A

An iron alloy containing small amounts of carbon or other metals.

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31
Q

Blast Furnace

A

Huge reaction vessels used in industry to extract iron from its ore.

32
Q

Aluminium

A

A low density, corrosion resistant metal used in many alloys.

33
Q

Titanium

A

A shiny, corrosion resistant metal used to make alloys.

34
Q

Copper-Rich Ore

A

Rock that contains a high proportion of a copper compound.

35
Q

Smelting

A

Heating a metal ore in order to extract its metals.

36
Q

Phytomining

A

The process of extraction of metals from ores using plants.

37
Q

Bioleaching

A

Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms.

38
Q

Displace

A

When one element takes the place of another in a compound.

39
Q

Transition Metal

A

Element from central block of the periodic table.

40
Q

Mixture

A

When some elements/compounds are mixed together but don’t react together.

41
Q

Fraction

A

Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil.

42
Q

Alkane

A

Saturated carbon with the formula:

C(n)H(2n+2)

43
Q

Distillation

A

Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensing.

44
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.

45
Q

Saturated Carbon

A

A hydrocarbon that contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.

46
Q

Viscosity

A

The resistance of a liquid to flowing.

47
Q

Flammable

A

Easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly.

48
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids.

49
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A

When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide.

50
Q

Oxidised

A

A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance.

51
Q

Particulate

A

Small solid particle given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of its fuel.

52
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

A toxic gas whose formula is CO.

53
Q

Sulphur Dioxide

A

A toxic gas which causes acid rain and has the formula SO(2)

54
Q

Nitrogen Oxide

A

Gaseous pollutants given off from motor vehicles and a cause of acid rain.

55
Q

Global Dimming

A

The reflection of sunlight by tiny solid particles in the air.

56
Q

Global Warming

A

The increasing average temperature of the Earth.

57
Q

Biodiesel

A

Fuel made from plant oils for cars.

58
Q

Biofuel

A

Fuel made from animal or plant products.

59
Q

Cracking

A

Reaction used to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.

60
Q

Alkene

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond. It has a formula of C(n)H(2n)

61
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

62
Q

Double Bond

A

A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons.

63
Q

Polymer

A

Substance made from very large molecules made up of many repeating units.

64
Q

Monomer

A

Small reactive molecules that react together in repeated sequences to form a very large molecule.

65
Q

Polymerisation

A

The reaction of monomers to make a polymer.

66
Q

Ethene

A

An alkene with the formula C(2)H(4)

67
Q

Propene

A

An alkene with the formula C(3)H(6)

68
Q

Shape-Memory Polymer

A

Polymers that change back to their original shape when the temperature or other conditions are changed.

69
Q

Smart Polymer

A

Polymers that change in response to their environment.

70
Q

Biodegradable

A

Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms.

71
Q

Fermentation

A

The reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

72
Q

Vegetable Oil

A

Oil extracted from plants.

73
Q

Unsaturated Oil

A

Plant oil whose molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

74
Q

Hydrogenated Oil

A

Oil which has had hydrogen added to reduce the degree of unsaturation in the hardening process to make margarine.

75
Q

Hardening

A

The process of reacting plant oils with hydrogen to raise their melting point.

76
Q

Element

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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