C1 - The particulate nature of matter

Question 1

Describe particles in a solid [2]

Answer 1

• Particles vibrate about a fixed point
• Regular pattern

Question 2

Describe particles in a liquid [2]

Answer 2

• Particles can move around each other - collide often
• Random motion (brownian motion); particles are not arranged in any particular pattern

Question 3

Describe particles in a gas [2]

Answer 3

• Particles move freely around each other and collide
• Random motion (brownian motion); particles are not arranged in any particular pattern

Question 4

Describe what happens to temperature during melting [1]

Answer 4

• Temperature stays constant - energy is used to weaken intermolecular forces

Question 5

Describe what happens to temperature during boiling [1]

Answer 5

• Temperature stays constant - energy is used to break intermolecular forces

Question 6

Describe an atom [2]

Answer 6

• The smallest part of an element
• Cannot be chemically broken down

Question 7

Describe a molecule [1]

Answer 7

• A group of atoms bonded together

Question 8

Describe an ion [1]

Answer 8

• A charged particle

Question 9

Describe diffusion [2]

Answer 9

• The process by which different substances mix through the random movement of their particles
• The movement of particles down a concentration gradient.

Question 10

Explain the factors that affect diffusion [2]

Answer 10

• The higher the temperature the faster the rate of diffusion
• The greater the molecular mass the slower the rate of diffusion