C1 the particulate nature of matter Flashcards
Solids particle separation
Particles are close together and touching
Liquids particle separation
Particles are still touching but not as close together as solids
Gas particles separation
Particles are far apart and not touching
Conservation of mass
When a substance changes state, it’s mass is conserved(stays the same)
Physical changes
It is reversible and can recover its old properties
Changing state
When a particles gain or lose energy (because of heating or cooling) they overcome/submit to the forces of other particles
Heating
Causes substance to melt or boil
Cooling
Causes a substance to condense or freeze
Melting
When a solid is heated to become a liquid
Boiling
When a liquid is heated to its boiling point, it evaporates and becomes a gas
Sublimation
The process where a solid turns straight into a gas when heated
Condensing
When a gas is cooled down to its boiling point, it condenses and becomes a liquid
Freezing
When a liquid is cooled to its melting point, it freezes and becomes a solid
Solids particle arrangement
Regular
Liquids particle arrangement
Irregular
Gas particle arrangement
Random
Forces between solid particles
Strong
Forces between liquid particles
Less strong/weaker
Forces between gas particles
Weak
How do solid particles move
Particles vibrate in a fixed position
How do liquid particles move
Particles move around and slide past each other
How do gas particles move
Particles move freely, collide with each other and bounce away again
What happens when you apply pressure to solid particles
Particles cannot move closer, so the volume does not change
What happens when you apply pressure to liquid particles
Particles cannot move closer, so the volume does not change
What happens when you apply pressure to gas particles
Particles can move a lot closer, so the gas can be pushed into a much smaller volume
Diffusion
The net(random) movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient
Melting (kinetic theory)
- Particles take in heat energy and change it to kinetic energy
- Particles get more energy and vibrate more which makes the solid expand
- At the melting point, particles vibrate so much that they break away from their positions
Boiling (kinetic theory)
- When heated liquid particles get more energy and move faster, causing them to bump into each other more often, then bounce further apart which makes the liquid expand
- At the boiling point particles get enough energy to overcome the forces between them, then break away to form a gas
Evaporation (kinetic theory)
- When particles in a liquid have more energy than others
Evaporation
A process occurring at the surface of a liquid involving the change of state of a liquid into a vapor at a temperature below the boiling point
Matter
Anything which occupied space and has a mass
Smaller and lighter particles have a ___ rate of diffusion
Faster
Larger and heavier particles have a ___ rate of diffusion
Slower
As molecular mass increases, the rate of diffusion…
Decreases
As molecular mass decreases, the rate of diffusion…
Increases
Atom
All substances are made up of these particles
Molecule
This is formed when two or more atoms join together they can be same or different
Ion
Charged particles
