C1 Representing structure, charges and functional groups

Question 1

what are quantum energy levels?

Answer 1

shells

Question 2

what are valence electrons?

Answer 2

electrons in the outer shell

Question 3

what is valency?

Answer 3

• number of outer electrons
• often the group number

Question 4

what is the method to calculate charge on atoms in molecules?

Answer 4

A = no. of valence electrons when atom is free
B = no. of non-bonded electrons + 1/2 no. of bonded electrons

A=B means no charge
A>B means positive charge by difference
A<B means negative charge by difference